Associations between sex hormones, receptors, binding proteins and inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Gender differences existed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Observational studies have revealed associations between sex hormones and IBD, such as estrogen and testosterone. However, the exact relationship between these sex hormones and IBD is unclear.

The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in the gut mucosal microenvironment and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a type of bioactive sphingolipid, can regulate various cellular functions of distinct cell types in the human body. S1P is generated intracellularly by the catalysis of sphingosine kinase 1/2 (SphK1/2). S1P is transferred to the extracellular environment via the S1P transporter, binds to cellular S1P receptors (S1PRs) and subsequently activates S1P-S1PR downstream signaling.

Alterations in the gut microbiota and the efficacy of adjuvant probiotic therapy in liver cirrhosis.

Background: Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of various chronic liver diseases (CLDs). The gut microbiota can impact the liver environment and trigger chronic liver inflammation through the gut-liver axis. Alteration of the gut microbiota has become an effective strategy in the biological treatment of cirrhosis.

YAP Activates STAT3 Signalling to Promote Colonic Epithelial Cell Proliferation in DSS-Induced Colitis and Colitis Associated Cancer.

Background And Aims: Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key transcriptional coactivator of cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we sought to identify the roles of YAP in colonic epithelial regeneration and tumourigenesis.

Methods: Murine DSS-induced colitis and YAP overexpression models were constructed via lentiviral intraperitoneal injection.

The Hippo-YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathway in Intestinal Self-Renewal and Regeneration After Injury.

The Hippo pathway and its downstream effectors, the transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), control stem cell fate and cell proliferation and differentiation and are essential for tissue self-renewal and regeneration. YAP/TAZ are the core components of the Hippo pathway and they coregulate transcription when localized in the nucleus. The intestinal epithelium undergoes well-regulated self-renewal and regeneration programs to maintain the structural and functional integrity of the epithelial barrier.

The Role of Vitamin D in Immune System and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a nonspecific inflammatory disease that includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The pathogenesis of IBD is not fully understood but is most reported associated with immune dysregulation, dysbacteriosis, genetic susceptibility, and environmental risk factors. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for the human body, and it not only regulates bone metabolism but also the immune system, the intestinal microbiota and barrier.

Anemia induced by hemangioma at the duodenal papilla, resected by endoscopic mucosal resection.

A 7-year-old ever healthy girl presented to our hospital with anemia for half-a-year, and her lowest hemoglobin level was 75g/L. She denied any hematemesis or melena, however her fecal occult blood test was positive. Computed tomography revealed an oval lesion in the descending duodenum.

Perianal and Luminal Relapse Following Perianal Surgical Intervention in Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: Fistula relapse occurs in 20-30% of patients with perianal Crohn's disease (PCD) despite optimal medico-surgical management. We aimed in this study to assess the rate of perianal and luminal relapse after surgically induced remission and to determine factors associated with fistula relapse.

Methods: Consecutive perianal CD patients who achieved clinical remission after surgery for fistulising PCD from January 2013 to January 2019 were included.

[Early-stage hemodynamic changes in dogs with gunshot wound in seawater].

Objective: To investigate the hemodynamic changes in the early stages of gunshot wound of dogs in seawater for exploring early treatment protocol.

Method: Fourteen conventional Beagles models undergoing gunshot wound in seawater were used along with another 2 dogs receiving the wound on land to serve as control. After the dogs were rescued from the seawater, the respiration (R), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP), and cardiac output (CO) were measured continuously in the early stages of the wound (53.

[Quantitative study of bacteriological infections in dogs undergoing gunshot wound in seawater].

Objective: To investigate the changes in bacterial proliferation and the time of infection occurrence in dogs wounded by gunshot in seawater.

Method: Fourteen canine models of gunshot wound in seawater were established, with another 2 dogs receiving the wound without seawater immersion serving as control. Gross observation and quantitative bacterial analysis were performed at 0, 6, 12 and 24 h after the injury respectively, and two dynamic models for the bacterial growth were set up on the basis of statistical analysis of the results.