A Structurally Simple Polymer Donor Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Minimal Energy Losses.

Energy loss (Eloss) between optical energy gap (Eg) and open-circuit voltage (eVoc) sets efficiency upper limits for organic solar cells (OSCs). Nevertheless, further breaking the limit of Eloss in OSCs is challenging, especially via structurally simple materials in binary OSCs. Herein, a structurally simple non-halogenated polymer donor, namely PBDCT, is developed for realizing high-efficiency OSCs with record-breaking Eloss.

Metal-Free Electrochemical C-H Chlorination of Terminal Alkanes.

Although research on the activation of C-H bonds in alkanes has been ongoing for decades, there are still few strategies that are both highly selective and suitable for industrial production. Here, we report a highly selective method for chlorination of terminal C-H bonds in alkanes by combining electrochemistry and organocatalysis. The specific cavity size of organic molecular catalysts ensures high regioselectivity, while the use of inexpensive and easily reusable graphite felt electrodes, simple electrochemical device and mild conditions enables the reaction to maintain good efficiency even when scaled up to kilogram level production.

Dynamic prediction and quantitative assessment of carbon emissions from animal husbandry: A case study of inner mongolia autonomous region, China.

Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, has emerged as a pressing global ecological and environmental challenge. Our study is dedicated to exploring the various factors influencing greenhouse gas emissions from animal husbandry and predicting their future trends. To this end, we have analyzed data from China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region spanning from 1978 to 2022, aiming to estimate the carbon emissions associated with animal husbandry in the region.

Single-Atom Catalysts Boosted Electrochemiluminescence.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) combines electrochemical redox processes with photochemical light emission, offering exceptional sensitivity, spatial control, and stability. Widely applied in biosensing, medical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring, its efficiency often depends on advanced catalytic materials. Single-atom catalysts (SACs), featuring isolated metal atoms dispersed on a support, have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique electronic structures, high atom utilization, and tunable catalytic properties.

Enantioselective Behaviors and Risk Assessments of Chiral Pesticide Mefentrifluconazole in Four Types of Fruits and Vegetables.

Mefentrifluconazole was the first novel isopropyl alcohol triazole fungicide. Existing research indicated that mefentrifluconazole had high activity and low toxicity, presenting potential for monocase application, while limited data existed on its enantioselective dissipation in crops. Here, after confirming the absolute configuration, the enantioselective dissipation and risk assessments of chiral mefentrifluconazole in soybeans, peanuts, tomatoes, grapes, and soil were conducted.

First Report of Goji Fruit Rot Caused by in Ningxia, China.

Goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) is a fruit with high nutritional and medicinal value, widely cultivated in northwest China (Wang et al. 2023).

Cell-free supernatant of Clostridium leptum inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation.

Breast cancer has emerged as the leading cause of global cancer incidence, surpassing lung cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that probiotics exhibit inhibitory effect on breast cancer progression, highlighting the need to identify gut flora-derived probiotics with potential anti-breast cancer properties. Here, we investigated the effect of the cell-free supernatant of C.

Phosphating CoMoO-Modified Hematite-Based Photoanode Enhances Surface Charge Transfer and Reaction Activity for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation.

The photoelectrochemical properties of hematite-based photoanodes are hindered by severe carrier recombination and poor reaction activity, which is a major challenge. Herein, we coupled zirconium-doped α-FeO (Zr:FeO) and phosphating cobalt molybdate electrocatalyst (P-CoMoO) to ameliorate the above difficulties. The conductivity and carrier density of hematite significantly increase by Zr doping.

Modulating the Hydrogen Bond for a Stable Zinc Anode with a Wide Temperature Range via the Sucrose and Polyacrylamide Synergistic Effect.

Zinc-ion batteries become a major research focus in energy storage, valued for their low cost and high safety. However, their widespread application is hindered by poor zinc anode stability caused by dendrites, side reactions, and poor performance across a wide temperature range at a strong hydrogen bond network aqueous electrolyte. In this study, we propose a strategy for the synergistic combination of a polyacrylamide hydrogel with sucrose.

Recanalization for Symptomatic Non-acute Intracranial Large Vessel Occlusion: An Observational Study.

Aim: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of endovascular revascularization for symptomatic non-acute atherosclerotic intracranial LVO.

Methods: For non-acute atherosclerotic intracranial large vessel occlusion (LVO), despite aggressive medical treatment, recurrent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack related to the occluded artery still occurs repeatedly. This retrospective cohort study included stroke patients with intracranial LVO who received endovascular treatment (EVT), categorized by successful recanalization and the time interval from symptom onset to revascularization (＜30 days vs.

Association Between Cardiovascular Biological Age and Cardiovascular Disease - A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Biological age serves as a common starting point for various age-related diseases and can be associated with a wide range of cardiovascular outcomes. However, associations between cardiovascular biological age (CBA) and various types of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain unclear.

Methods And Results: Analyzing 262,343 UK Biobank participants, we constructed CBA based on composite biomarkers using the Klemera-Doubal method (denoted as KDM-CBA).

p38γ modulates ferroptosis in brain injury caused by ethanol and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by regulating the p53/SLC7A11 signaling pathway.

Ischemic stroke, a neurological condition with a complicated etiology that is accompanied by severe inflammation and oxidative stress, and ethanol (EtOH) may aggravate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain damage. However, the effect of prolonged alcohol intake on acute brain injury remains ambiguous. As part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, p38γ is involved in ferroptosis and inflammation in various diseases.

Galectin-3 activates microglia and promotes neurological impairment via NLRP3/pyroptosis pathway following traumatic brain injury.

Background: Externally caused traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses a woeful worldwide health concern, bringing about disability, death, and prolonged neurological impairment. Increased galectin-3 levels have been linked to unfavorable outcomes in several neurological conditions. This study explores the role of galectin-3 in TBI, specifically examining its contribution to neuroinflammation.

Timosaponin AⅢ inhibits ectopic lipid deposition and enhances the browning of white adipose tissue.

Timosaponin AⅢ(TAⅢ), derived from the Chinese medicinal herb Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, has been reported to have a range of pharmacological effects including improvement of learning and memory deficits, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic effect and anti-hypertension. This study explored the therapeutic effects and preliminary mechanisms of TAⅢ in improving insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. We found that treatment with 10 mg·kg·d of TAⅢ reduced the expression of SREBPs and alleviated ectopic lipid deposition by decreasing DAG accumulation in liver.

Lignocellulosic biocomposites for preservation and storage materials based on suberin-enriched cork.

Traditional wood-plastic composites (WPC) face numerous challenges in their applications, such as the lack of flexibility, cushioning performance, water barrier properties, biodegradability and recyclability. To address these issues, in this work, a recyclable lignocellulosic biocomposites with excellent comprehensive performance was developed using cork flour and poly(1,4-dioxan-2-one) (PPDO) as the green raw materials. The prepared cork/PPDO WPC contained up to 70 wt% cork flour, conferring them with enhanced flexibility (elongation at break >10 %) and cushioning performance due to the strong interactions between PPDO and cork flour, as well as the cork unique flexibility from cork cavity structure and suberin.

Bulk transcriptome and single-nucleus RNA sequencing analyses highlight the role of recombination activating 1 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic condition with an incompletely understood pathogenesis. In this study, five candidate genes-RAG1, CKAP2, CENPK, TYMS, and BUB1-were identified as being associated with NAFLD progression through integrative bioinformatics analyses. A predictive model incorporating these genes demonstrated strong robustness and diagnostic accuracy.

Zhizichi decoction alleviates depressive-like behaviors through modulating mitochondria-associated membrane via the IP3R3-GRP75-VDAC1 complex.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Zhizichi Decoction (ZZCD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is derived from the combination of Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis [Rubiaceae] and Semen Sojae Praeparatum, a fermented derivative of Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Exploring dried ginger essential oil as a therapeutic strategy for 5-FU-induced mucositis: gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolite IAA-AHR/IL-22/STAT3 signaling axis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) commonly induces severe mucositis, causing pain, inflammation, and gastrointestinal dysfunction, which significantly increases patient morbidity and reduces quality of life. In Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and other ethnopharmacological practices, dried ginger has been widely used to alleviate symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and inflammation, highlighting its important role in traditional medicine.

Aim Of The Study: This study explored the potential of dried ginger essential oil (DGEO) in mitigating intestinal epithelial barrier damage in mice with mucositis induced by 5-FU.

Danshen-Chuanxiong-Honghua Ameliorates Neurological Function and Inflammation in Traumatic Brain injury in Rats via Modulating Ghrelin/GHSR.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Guanxin II, proposed by Chen Keji (National master of traditional Chinese medicine), possesses cerebral-protective effect. Interestingly, its simplified prescription Danshen-Chuanxiong-Honghua (DCH) can also clinically ameliorate cerebral impairment and improve spatial cognitive deficits, similar to original formula's function.

Aim Of The Study: We aimed to elucidate the rationality of DCH's natural existence, qualitatively identify DCH-derived phytochemicals, thereby validate cerebral protective effect, and expose potential mechanism of DCH and its main absorbed compound ferulic acid (FA).

Lancao decoction alleviates Alzheimer's disease: depending on activating CaMKII to protect neuronal refunction by reducing β-amyloid in the hippocampus.

Ethnopharmacological Relevancy: Lancao decoction (LC) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation mentioned in the "Huangdineijing", known for its ability to dispel turbidity and eliminate heat. TCM believes that the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is phlegm turbidity, and the fiery internal obstruction of the gods, which suggests that LC has the possibility of treating.

Aim Of The Study: This investigation will examine the possibilities of LC to improve AD and uncover the underlying mechanisms.

Functional analysis of the epsilon glutathione S-transferases in the adaptation of Spodoptera litura to xanthotoxin.

Through long-term coevolution with host plants, insects have evolved sophisticated detoxification systems to counteract plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). However, the precise mechanisms underlying these adaptations remain incompletely characterized. Our previous research identified epsilon glutathione S-transferases (GSTes) as critical mediators of xanthotoxin adaptation in Spodoptera litura, a model linear furanocoumarin.

Epidemiology, Phylogeny and Genetic Characterization of Carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter spp. from 5 hospitals in China.

Objectives: Carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter spp. (CRC) are increasingly recognized as healthcare-associated pathogens, while systematic studies on clinical epidemiology, genetic diversity, and resistant mechanisms of CRC are relatively scarce. The present study provides comprehensive and systematic research on CRC.

Discovery and identification of semaphorin 4D as a bioindicator of high fracture incidence in type 2 diabetic mice with glucose control.

Introduction: Bone fracture is increasing in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to skeletal fragility. Most antidiabetics are expected to reduce the incidence of fracture in patients with T2DM, however the results are disappointing. Metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists have a neutral or minor positive effect in reducing fractures.