Spatial interaction and functional status of CD68SHP2 macrophages in tumor microenvironment correlate with overall survival of NSCLC.

Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell population of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can regulate tumor proliferation and support resistance to therapy, constituting promising targets for the development of novel anticancer agents. Our previous results suggest that SHP2 plays a crucial role in reprogramming the phenotype of TAMs. Thus, we hypothesized that SHP2 TAM may predict the treatment efficacy of non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC patients as a biomarker.

Pan-cancer analysis identifies protein arginine methyltransferases and and their related signatures as markers associated with prognosis, immune profile, and therapeutic response in lung adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) regulate several signal transduction pathways involved in cancer progression. Recently, it has been reported that PRMTs are closely related to anti-tumor immunity; however, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be studied in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In this study, we focused on PRMT1 and PRMT5, key members of the PRMT family.

High HPK1PD-1TIM-3CD8 T cells infiltration predicts poor prognosis to immunotherapy in NSCLC patients.

At present the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains limited. The lack of responsiveness in certain patients may be attributed to CD8 T cell exhaustion within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) has been identified as a mediator of T cell dysfunction, leading to our hypothesis that HPK1 positive exhausted CD8 T cells could serve as a predictor for ICIs' efficacy in NSCLC patients, and potentially indicate key cellular subset causing ICIs resistance.

Gustave Roussy immune score is a prognostic marker in patients with small cell lung cancer undergoing immunotherapy: a real-world retrospective study.

Background: The utilization of the Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-Score) in patient selection for immunotherapy was initially reported. The objective of this retrospective study is to assess the potential of the GRIm-Score, a novel prognostic score based on nutritional and inflammatory markers, as a prognostic predictor in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) undergoing immunotherapy.

Methods: This retrospective study conducted at a single center included 159 patients with SCLC who received immunotherapy.

Cellular Atlas of Senescent Lineages in Radiation- or Immunotherapy-Induced Lung Injury by Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Analysis.

Purpose: Although the combination of immunotherapy and radiation therapy to treat various malignancies is rapidly expanding, concerns regarding increased pulmonary toxicities remain. The mechanisms of immunotherapy- and irradiation-induced lung injury involve a complex interplay of cell types and signaling pathways, much of which remains to be elucidated.

Methods And Materials: C57/BL6 mice were treated with a single fraction (20 Gy) of radiation therapy to the right lung or 200 μg anti-Programmed cell death protein 1 antibody twice a week.

Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: the dawn of cancer treatment.

Radiotherapy (RT) is delivered for purposes of local control, but can also exert systemic effect on remote and non-irradiated tumor deposits, which is called abscopal effect. The view of RT as a simple local treatment has dramatically changed in recent years, and it is now widely accepted that RT can provoke a systemic immune response which gives a strong rationale for the combination of RT and immunotherapy (iRT). Nevertheless, several points remain to be addressed such as the interaction of RT and immune system, the identification of the best schedules for combination with immunotherapy (IO), the expansion of abscopal effect and the mechanism to amplify iRT.

In Vivo Near-Infrared Noninvasive Glucose Measurement and Detection in Humans.

In optical noninvasive glucose detection, how to detect the glucose-caused signals from the constant human variations and disturbed probing conditions is always the biggest challenge. Developing effective measurement strategies is essential to realize the detection. A near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy-based strategy is studied to effectively solve the in vivo measurement issues, obtaining clean blood glucose-caused signals.

m A demethylase ALKBH5 drives denervation-induced muscle atrophy by targeting HDAC4 to activate FoxO3 signalling.

Background: Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common clinical manifestation of various neurotrauma and neurological diseases. In addition to the treatment of primary neuropathies, it is a clinical condition that should be investigated. FoxO3 activation is an indispensable mechanism in denervation-induced muscle atrophy; however, upstream factors that control FoxO3 expression and activity have not been fully elucidated.

Crossed Pathways for Radiation-Induced and Immunotherapy-Related Lung Injury.

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a form of radiation damage to normal lung tissue caused by radiotherapy (RT) for thoracic cancers, which is most commonly comprised of radiation pneumonitis (RP) and radiation pulmonary fibrosis (RPF). Moreover, with the widespread utilization of immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors as first- and second-line treatments for various cancers, the incidence of immunotherapy-related lung injury (IRLI), a severe immune-related adverse event (irAE), has rapidly increased. To date, we know relatively little about the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways of these complications.

Magnesium supplementation enhances mTOR signalling to facilitate myogenic differentiation and improve aged muscle performance.

Magnesium (Mg), as an essential mineral, supports and sustains the health and activity of the organs of the human body. Despite some clinical evidence on the association of Mg deficiency with muscle regeneration dysfunction and sarcopenia in older-aged individuals, there is no consensus on the action mode and molecular mechanism by which Mg influences aged muscle size and function. Here, we identified the appropriate Mg environment that promotes the myogenic differentiation and myotube hypertrophy in both C2C12 myoblast and primary aged muscle stem cell (MuSC).

Addressable surface engineering for N-doped WS nanosheet arrays with abundant active sites and the optimal local electronic structure for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction.

The precise control over the geometric and electronic structures of active materials on flexible substrates is of great importance to address the current challenges in optimizing and developing high-performance flexible devices for energy conversion and storage. In this work, an addressable surface was demonstrated to engineer structurally controllable active nanomaterials for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The nanostructures of WS2/MOF/metal hydroxide/oxide with different formation energy barriers electrodes could be tuned by modifying the ratio of O/C and the concentration of carbon defects at the surface of carbon cloth.

Bio-inspired synthesis of mesoporous HfO nanoframes as reactors for piezotronic polymerization and Suzuki coupling reactions.

Complex nanostructures with high compositional and structural tailorability are highly desired in order to meet the material needs in the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Therefore, the synthetic technique is of essential importance but currently still suffers from many challenges. Herein, we elaborately explore and demonstrate the flexibility of the anisotropic metallo-organic compound (dihafnium dichloride, Cp2HfCl2) for the fabrication of inorganic architectures by mimicking the assembly behaviors in biomolecules.

Hybrid nanostructures of pit-rich TiO nanocrystals with Ru loading and N doping for enhanced solar water splitting.

A general method was elaborately developed for the synthesis of pit-rich metal oxide (TiO2, ZrO2 and HfO2) nanocrystals with metallocene dichlorides as precursors. Benefiting from the synergies in numerous pits, Schottky junctions and nitrogen doping, the hybrid nanostructures of pit-rich TiO2 nanocrystals with Ru loading and N doping exhibited enhanced solar water splitting.