In situ real-time pathway to study the polyethylene long-term degradation process by a marine fungus through confocal Raman quantitative imaging.

Since plastic waste has become a worldwide pollution problem, studying the ability of marine microorganisms to degrade plastic waste is important. However, conventional methods are unable to in situ real-time study the ability of microorganisms to biodegrade plastics. In recent years, Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in the characterization of plastics as well as in the study of biological metabolism due to its low cost, rapidity, label-free, non-destructive, and water-independent features, which provides us with new ideas to address the above limitations.

Novel SERS Probe Based on Ag Nanobean/Cu Foam for Deep-Sea Extreme Environment Biomolecule Detection.

Here, we report on progress made in coupling advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques with a deep-ocean deployable Raman spectrometer. Our SERS capability is provided by development of a Cu foam-loaded silver-nanobean (Ag/Cu foam) which we have successfully coupled to the tip of a Raman probe head capable of insertion into deep-sea sediments and associated fluids. Our purpose is to expand the range of molecular species which can be detected in deep-sea biogeochemical environments, and our initial targets are a series of amino acids reportedly found in pore waters of seep locations.

An intrusion and environmental effects of man-made silver nanoparticles in cold seeps.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most widely used metal-based engineered nanomaterials in biomedicine and nanotechnology, and account for >50 % of global nanomaterial consumer products. The increasing use of AgNPs potentially causes marine ecosystem changes; however, the environmental impacts of man-made AgNPs are still poorly studied. This study reports for the first time that man-made AgNPs intruded into cold seeps, which are important marine ecosystems where hydrogen sulfide, methane, and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occur.

Nitrogen and sulfur cycling driven by Campylobacterota in the sediment-water interface of deep-sea cold seep: a case in the South China Sea.

Chemoautotrophs within Campylobacterota, especially and , are abundant in the seawater-sediment interface of the Formosa cold seep in the South China Sea. However, the activity and function of Campylobacterota are unknown. In this study, the geochemical role of Campylobacterota in the Formosa cold seep was investigated with multiple means.

Study of Microbial Sulfur Metabolism in a Near Real-Time Pathway through Confocal Raman Quantitative 3D Imaging.

As microbial sulfur metabolism significantly contributes to the formation and cycling of deep-sea sulfur, studying their sulfur metabolism is important for understanding the deep-sea sulfur cycle. However, conventional methods are limited in near real-time studies of bacterial metabolism. Recently, Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in studies on biological metabolism due to its low-cost, rapid, label-free, and nondestructive features, providing us with new approaches to solve the above limitation.

Rapid identification of fish species by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy coupled with machine learning methods.

There has been an increasing demand for the rapid verification of fish authenticity and the detection of adulteration. In this work, we combined LIBS and Raman spectroscopy for the fish species identification for the first time. Two machine learning methods of SVM and CNN are used to establish the classification models based on the LIBS and Raman data obtained from 13 types of fish species.

Neurological safety of spinal surgery for nucleus pulposus removal under spinal endoscopic imaging guided by inter laminar spine.

Objective: To explore the technical points, approach selection and short-term clinical efficacy of PELD through the intervertebral foramina or interlaminar approach in the treatment of highly shifted LDH.

Methods: From September 2018 to June 2020, 19 patients with highly shifted LDH were treated with PELD in The First Hospital of Yulin. It included, 10 males and 9 females; aged 34 to 69 years, with an average of 48 years.

A Piecewise Model for In Situ Raman Measurement of the Chlorinity of Deep-Sea High-Temperature Hydrothermal Fluids.

The chlorinity of deep-sea hydrothermal fluids, representing one of the crucial deep-sea hydrothermal indicators, indicates the degree of deep phase separation of hydrothermal fluids and water/rock reactions. However, accurately measuring the chlorinity of high-temperature hydrothermal fluids is still a significant challenge. In this paper, a piecewise chlorinity model to measure the chlorinity of high-temperature hydrothermal fluids was developed based on the OH stretching band of water, exhibiting an accuracy of 96.

Endosymbionts of Metazoans Dwelling in the PACManus Hydrothermal Vent: Diversity and Potential Adaptive Features Revealed by Genome Analysis.

Deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities are dominated by invertebrates, namely, bathymodiolin mussels, siboglinid tubeworms, and provannid snails. Symbiosis is considered key to successful colonization by these sedentary species in such extreme environments. In the PACManus vent fields, snails, tubeworms, and mussels each colonized a niche with distinct geochemical characteristics.

Discovery of supercritical carbon dioxide in a hydrothermal system.

Supercritical CO appearing as bubbles in hydrothermal vents was identified in the south part of the Okinawa Trough using in situ Raman spectroscopy. Significantly, the N peak in supercritical CO is much larger than those in seawater and vent fluids, indicating that supercritical CO enriches N from the surrounding environment. Considering that the partial pressures of CO and N in the Earth's proto-atmosphere were ~10-20 MPa, supercritical CO with high N was likely the dominant CO phase near the water-air interface in the early history of the Earth, which promoted the synthesis, pre-enrichment and preservation of amino acids and other organic matters that are essential to the origin of life.

A New Approach to Measuring the Temperature of Fluids Reaching 300 ℃ and 2 mol/kg NaCl Based on the Raman Shift of Water.

The OH stretching band of water is very sensitive to temperature and salinity for the existence of hydrogen bonds between HO molecules. In this study, the OH stretching band was deconvoluted into two Gaussian peaks, with peak 1 at approximately 3450 cm and peak 2 at approximately 3200 cm. The positions of peaks 1 and 2 both shifted to higher wavenumbers with increasing temperature from 50 ℃ to 300 ℃.

A Direct Quantitative Raman Method for the Measurement of Dissolved Bisulfate in Acid-Sulfate Fluids.

Raman spectroscopy has been applied to the quantitative analysis of the concentration of bisulfate in acid-sulfate fluids at different temperatures. The quantitative analysis method is based on the peak area ratios of [Formula: see text](ν) and HO (ν), where PA([Formula: see text]/HO) = [[Formula: see text]] × (0.0066 × T + 1.

In Situ Raman Spectral Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide in a Deep-Sea Simulator of Extreme Environments Reaching 300 ℃ and 30 MPa.

Deep-sea carbon dioxide (CO) plays a significant role in the global carbon cycle and directly affects the living environment of marine organisms. In situ Raman detection technology is an effective approach to study the behavior of deep-sea CO. However, the Raman spectral characteristics of CO can be affected by the environment, thus restricting the phase identification and quantitative analysis of CO.

Identifying the genetic diversity, genetic structure and a core collection of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. jujuba accessions using microsatellite markers.

Ziziphus is a genus of spiny shrubs and small trees in the Rhamnaceae family. This group has a controversial taxonomy, with more than 200 species described, including Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var.

[Automatic Recognition of Overlapped Spectral Peaks by Combined Symmetric Zero-Area Conversion and L-M Fitting].

The peaks' overlapping often exists in Raman spectroscopy analysis, because of the low spectral resolution of the spectrograph and the complex sample components. The overlapped peaks lead to the errors in peak parameters extraction easily, and at last lead to the analysis error of sample components, which increases the difficulty in automatic analysis of field spectra. The identification of overlapped peaks is the key difficulty of in-situ spectra analysis.

[Research on the Quantitative Analysis for In-Situ Detection of Acid Radical Ions Using Laser Raman Spectroscopy].

Laser Raman spectroscopy as an in situ analytical technology can enable detailed investigation of the ocean environment. It is necessary to set up a quantitative analysis method based on laser Raman spectroscopy to understand the marine status in situ. In the laboratory investigations, varied concentration of HCO3(-), SO4(2-) and coastal waters of Qingdao are taken as the samples, operating 532 nm of laser, using fiber optic probes to simulate detection mode in situ.

[Raman Signal Enhancement for Gas Detection Using a Near Concentric Cavity].

The detection of dissolved gases in seawater plays an important role in ocean observation and exploration. Raman spectroscopy has a great advantage in simultaneous multiple species detection and is thus regarded as a favorable choice for ocean application. However, its sensitivity remains insufficient, and a demand in enhancements is called! for before putting Raman spectroscopy to actual use in marine studies In this work, we developed a near-concentric cavity, in which laser beam could be trapped and reflected back and forth, for the purpose of intensifying Raman signals.

Investigation of two novel approaches for detection of sulfate ion and methane dissolved in sediment pore water using Raman spectroscopy.

The levels of dissolved sulfate and methane are crucial indicators in the geochemical analysis of pore water. Compositional analysis of pore water samples obtained from sea trials was conducted using Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the concentration of SO42- in pore water samples decreases as the depth increases, while the expected Raman signal of methane has not been observed.

[The measurement of methane dissolved in water using raman spectroscopy assisted with CCl4 extraction].

While under laboratory conditions, the concentration of methane dissolved in water is too low to be detected because of the low solubility of methane using Raman spectroscopy. In the present paper, a novel approach based on CCl4 extraction was introduced, and used in the measurement of methane dissolved in water using Raman spectroscopy under laboratory conditions. Saturated aqueous solution of CH4, CCl4 solution after extraction of CH4 from the saturated aqueous solution and the saturated CCl4 solution of CH4 were prepared, and the Raman spectra of three samples were obtained.