Enhancement of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from eutrophic water by economic plant annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) with ion implantation.

Severe eutrophication of surface water has been a major problem of increasing environmental concern worldwide. In the present study, economic plant annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was grown in floating mats as an economic plant-based treatment system to evaluate its potential after ion implantation for removing nutrients in simulated eutrophic water. The specific weight growth rate of L.

Induction of germline apoptosis by cobalt and relevant signal transduction pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Many investigations showed that cobalt exposure could induce apoptosis both in cells and tissues. However, appropriate in vivo animal models to assess the underlying mechanisms of cobalt-induced apoptosis are currently unavailable. The model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, has been shown to be a good model for evaluating many biological processes.

L(+)-lactic acid production by co-fermentation of glucose and xylose with Rhizopus oryzae obtained by low-energy ion beam irradiation.

Low-energy ion beam irradiation (10-200 keV) has been proved to have a wide range of biological effects in recent years. When Rhizopus oryzae PW352 was irradiated with a 15-keV low-energy ion beam an L(+)-lactic acid high-yield mutant, RQ4015, was obtained. When 150 g/l glucose was used as the sole carbon source, L(+)-lactic acid of RQ4015 reached 121 g/l after 36 h shake-flask cultivation.

Enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal from eutrophic lake water by Ipomoea aquatica with low-energy ion implantation.

Ipomoea aquatica with low-energy N+ ion implantation was used for the removal of both nitrogen and phosphorus from the eutrophic Chaohu Lake, China. The biomass growth, nitrate reductase and peroxidase activities of the implanted I. aquatica were found to be higher than those of I.

Enhanced enzymatic saccharification of rice straw by microwave pretreatment.

In this study, Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were employed to plan experiments and optimize the microwave pretreatment of rice straw. Experimental results show that microwave intensity (MI), irradiation time (IT) and substrate concentration (SC) were main factors governing the enzymatic saccharification of rice straw. The maximal efficiencies of cellulose, hemicellulose and total saccharification were respectively increased by 30.

A novel approach to microbial breeding--low-energy ion implantation.

Low-energy ions exist widely in the natural world. People had neglected the interaction between low-energy ions and material; it was even more out of the question to study the relation of low-energy ions and the complicated organism until the biological effects of low-energy ion implantation were discovered in 1989. Nowadays, the value of low-energy ion beam implantation, as a new breeding way, has drawn extensive attention of biologists and breeding experts.

Nitrogen removal from eutrophic water by floating-bed-grown water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) with ion implantation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) with N(+) ion-beam implantation for removal of nutrient species from eutrophic water. The mutated water spinach was grown on floating beds, and growth chambers were used to examine the growth of three cultivars of water spinach with ion implantation for 14 days in simulated eutrophic water at both high and low nitrogen levels.

Mutational spectrum of the lacI gene in Escherichia coli K12 induced by low-energy ion beam.

The mutational spectrum of the genomic lacI gene induced by low-energy nitrogen ion irradiation in wild type Escherichia coli strain W3110 were compared with the spontaneous and the vacuum controls. The mutant frequency of irradiated group was dose-dependent and reached 26.3 x 10(-6) at dose of 31.

A novel approach for improving the productivity of ubiquinone-10 producing strain by low-energy ion beam irradiation.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens ATCC4452 cells were irradiated by nitrogen ion beam, a new mutagen, with energy of 10 keV and fluence ranging from 2.6x10(14) ions/cm2 to 6.5x10(15) ions/cm2.

[Study on breeding of probiotic Aspergillus nigre by N+ implantation and fermentation condition of its mutant].

Using Aspergillus niger AN01 as original strain, mutated strain Aspergillus niger AN03 was obtained by N+ implantation. The results showed that activities of acidic protease, cellulase and pectinase of Aspergillus niger were raised from 71.6U/g, 141.

[Molecular basis of plant nuclear male sterility].

With the cloning of nuclear male fertility genes, learning of nuclear male fertility not only limited in genetic analysis and cell biology, but also advanced in molecular basis of male nuclear sterility and postulated in possible mechanisms of nuclear male sterility. The objectives of this paper are to review the related progress of plant nuclear male sterility.

[Progress of chlamydomonas as a model organism].

The unicellular alga Chlamydomonas offers a simple life cycle, easy culture and isolation of series of mutants, established the techniques and tool kit for molecular genetics and genetics analysis. It is now becoming the model organism for studies on photosynthesis in plant, flagellar assembly and function, cell cycle and circadian rhythms, signal transduction, light perception and cell recognition. It is summarized the progress of study on Chlamydomonas as a model organism in this paper.

[CD59 mutation and DNA oxidative damage in A(L) cells induced by crocidolite fibers].

Objective: To determine the effects of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and free radical scavenger, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), on mutation frequency and the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyganosine (8-OHdG) induced by crocidolite fibers in human-hamster hybrid (A(L)) cells.

Methods: The cytotoxicity and mutagenicity were determined by the formation of colonies. 8-OHdG was examined by immunoperoxidase staining.

[Assessment of the Escherichia coli Tat protein translocation system with fluorescent proteins].

The possibility of using fluorescent proteins as probes to study the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system was assessed in Escherichia coli. When fused to the twin-arginine signal peptide of trimethylamine N-oxide reductase, the DsRed2 red fluorescent protein from the Discosoma sp. was successfully synthesized and folded in E.

Reverse Oxygen Effect on gamma-Irradiation Induced Single Strand Breaks of Plasmid DNA.

Oxygen effect on gamma-irradiation induced single strand breaks (SSB) of plasmid DNA was measured by the method of gel scanning. It was found that, in the presence of mannitol, the yield of SSB in N(2)-saturated DNA solution was larger than that in air-saturated solution so that the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) of SSB became smaller than 1, which indicates the appearance of reverse oxygen effect of DNA SSB. At the same time, G(SSB) and its OER decreased with increasing concentration of mannitol.

Mechanisms of Formation of DNA Strand Breaks Induced by gamma-Rays.

Dose responses of DNA single- and double-strand breaks (SSB and DSB) of pBR322 irradiated with gamma-rays were measured by gel electrophoresis scanning and the production process of SSB was tested. Results showed that the formation of DSB was related to the free radicals scavenging capacity sigma of mannitol dissolved in DNA solution. The ratio of alphaDSB to betaDSB non-linearly increased with increasing sigma.

Kinetics of Ionizing Irradiation-induced DNA Strand Breaks.

By measuring the dose effect of ionizing irradiation-induced single- and double-strand breaks (SSB and DSB) of pBR322, the responses of the yields of SSB and DSB to DNA concentrations were obtained. It was found that, in the presence of mannitol, the reciprocals of G(SSB) and G(alphaDSB) had a linear relationship to the reciprocal of DNA concentration so that the competition reaction of DNA and mannitol to.OH radicals could be described by a second-order kinetics.