Catalytic Installation of Primary Amines Onto Polyolefins for Oligomer Valorization.

Polymerization of primary amine-containing monomers is challenging because the amine inhibits polymerization catalyst activity. An alternative approach to access primary amine functionalized polymers is postpolymerization modification. To this end, the hydroaminoalkylation of vinyl-terminated polyolefins with N-(trimethylsilyl)benzylamine is used to prepare primary amine-terminated polyolefins, with the free primary amine substituent being revealed upon hydrolytic work up.

Electrocatalysts for Urea Synthesis from CO and Nitrogenous Species: From CO and N/NOx Reduction to urea synthesis.

The traditional industrial synthesis of urea relies on the energy-intensive and polluting process, namely the Haber-Bosch method for ammonia production, followed by the Bosch-Meiser process for urea synthesis. In contrast, electrocatalytic C-N coupling from carbon dioxide (CO) and nitrogenous species presents a promising alternative for direct urea synthesis under ambient conditions, bypassing the need for ammonia production. This review provides an overview of recent progress in the electrocatalytic coupling of CO and nitrogen sources for urea synthesis.

Atomic/molecular layer deposition strategies for enhanced CO capture, utilisation and storage materials.

Elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO) in the atmosphere and the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels have raised profound concerns regarding the resulting consequences of global climate change and the future supply of energy. Hence, the reduction and transformation of CO not only mitigates environmental pollution but also generates value-added chemicals, providing a dual remedy to address both energy and environmental challenges. Despite notable advancements, the low conversion efficiency of CO remains a major obstacle, largely attributed to its inert chemical nature.

Preparation of Superhydrophobic Surfaces Based on Copper Mesh Substrates and Its Application Performance.

It is not uncommon for metals to corrode, causing the properties of the material to be affected. Superhydrophobic materials have made effective advances in metal corrosion protection because they can effectively insulate liquids from being trapped on metal surfaces. In this study, self-assembled films were formed using octadecanethiol (ODT) modification to obtain superhydrophobic as well as superoleophilic bifunctional materials.

Harnessing the Power of Microwave Irradiation: A Novel Approach to Bitumen Partial Upgrading.

The partial upgrading of "tar-like" Canadian bitumen is an essential process to reduce its viscosity to an acceptable range that meets the required pipeline specifications. An innovative and potentially greener solution has emerged in the form of microwave irradiation. This work proposes and demonstrates the use of an electrically powered commercial microwave along with carbon-based microwave susceptors (activated carbon, biochar, coke, and graphite) to promote localized thermal cracking within bitumen at a temperature as low as 150 °C, compared to the conventional method of 400 °C.

Comparison study of supercritical water gasification for hydrogen production on a continuous flow versus a batch reactor.

This study compares batch and continuous supercritical water gasification (SCWG) processes for green hydrogen production from biomass. It offers insights for optimizing processes, enhancing yields, quality, and energy efficiency, assessing scale-up feasibility, and supporting techno-economic analyses. Glucose, glycerol, and black liquor were SCWG-treated at 500 °C with KCO catalyst in a self-built continuous-flow reactor (150 g/h) and a batch reactor (75 mL).

Plasma-derived exosomal immunoglobulins IGHV4-4 and IGLV1-40 as new non-small cell lung cancer biomarkers.

Exosomal proteins represent valuable research directions in the liquid biopsy of lung cancer (LC). Immunoglobulin subtypes, immunoglobulin molecules with different domains in variable regions, are products of B cell responses to different tumor antigens and are associated with tumor incidence and development. The plasma of patients with LC should theoretically contain a large number of B cell-derived exosomes that specifically recognize tumor antigens.

[4+1] cyclization of α-diazo esters and mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins.

Prompted by the recent stepwise mechanistic proposal for the Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between enamine and α-diazo ester, where the nucleophilic addition of the enamine carbon onto the terminal nitrogen of diazo ester is crucial, we examined the possible use of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) as highly electron-rich dipolarophiles in these reactions. The mesoionic NHOs derived from 1,2,3-triazoles undergo fast [4+1] cycloaddition to give 3-(triazolium-4-yl)-(3)-pyrazol-4-olates at room temperature. The reaction mechanism has been explored through experimental and DFT computational studies.

Transmembrane TNF-α as a Novel Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Cytokine Storms in a Mouse Model of Multiple Organ Failure.

A cytokine storm (CS) is an out-of-control inflammatory response closely associated with the progression of diseases, such as multiple organ failure (MOF), severe sepsis, and severe or critical COVID-19. However, there is currently a lack of reliable diagnostic markers to distinguish CS from normal inflammatory responses. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) includes transmembrane TNF-α (tmTNF-α) and secreted TNF-α (sTNF-α).

Therapeutic effect of modified zengye decoction on primary Sjogren's syndrome and its effect on plasma exosomal proteins.

Modified Zengye Decoction (MZD), a traditional Chinese medicine, is an effective treatment for patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). To evaluate the efficacy of MZD and investigate its effect on plasma exosomal proteins. Eighteen pSS patients were treated with MZD for 2 weeks.

Constructing fused N-heterocycles from unprotected mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins and organic azides diazo transfer.

Mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins (mNHOs) were first reported last year and their reactivity remains largely unexplored. Herein we report the reaction of unprotected mNHOs and organic azides as a novel synthetic route to a variety of pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazoles, an important structural motif in drug candidates and energetic materials. The only byproduct aniline can be easily recycled and converted back to the starting organic azide, in compliance with the green chemistry principle.

Relationship of Gingival Phenotypes and Faciolingual Thickness, Papilla Height, and Gingival Angle in a Chinese Population.

The objective of this study was to determine the normal values of faciolingual thickness (FLT) of the papilla base, papilla height (PH), and gingival angle (GA) among Chinese adults and the association of FLT with the gingival phenotype. The periodontal phenotypes of 105 volunteers were confirmed by Kan et al's periodontal probe transmission method and classification. All volunteers received complete supragingival scaling and were recalled after 1 week for clinical examination and for recording various periodontal indices, including Plaque Index, Gingival Index, and periodontal depth.

Analysis of Crown Morphology and Gingival Shape in the Maxillary Anterior Dentition.

From a sample of 108 periodontally healthy volunteers with different combinations of morphometric data related to maxillary central anterior teeth and the surrounding soft tissues, this article aims to categorize gingival phenotypes according to tooth and gingival parameters, as well as assess the relationships between tooth shape and gingival characteristics, such as the papillary height (PH) and faciolingual thickness (FLT) of the papilla base. The periodontal phenotypes of 108 volunteers were confirmed using the periodontal probe transmission method for Kan classification. The FLT, PH, and the crown width to crown length (CW/CL) ratio for maxillary anterior teeth were measured.

Generating C4 Alkenes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells via Cofeeding H and -Butane Using a Selective Anode Electrocatalyst.

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer opportunities for the application as both power sources and chemical reactors. Yet, it remains a grand challenge to simultaneously achieve high efficiency of transforming higher hydrocarbons to value-added products and of generating electricity. To address it, we here present an ingenious approach of nanoengineering the triple-phase boundary of an SOFC anode, featuring abundant CoW@WO core-shell nanoparticles dispersed on the surface of black LaSrTiO.

New Opportunity for in Situ Exsolution of Metallic Nanoparticles on Perovskite Parent.

One of the main challenges for advanced metallic nanoparticles (NPs) supported functional perovskite catalysts is the simultaneous achievement of a high population of NPs with uniform distribution as well as long-lasting high performance. These are also the essential requirements for optimal electrode catalysts used in solid oxide fuel cells and electrolysis cells (SOFCs and SOECs). Herein, we report a facile operando manufacture way that the crystal reconstruction of double perovskite under reducing atmosphere can spontaneously lead to the formation of ordered layered oxygen deficiency and yield segregation of massively and finely dispersed NPs.

[The analysis of correlation between tongue body MRI and upper airway pressure measurements of blocked lingual region in patients with moderate and severe OSAHS].

Objective: To investigate the correlation between tongue body MRI measurements and the lingual region obstruction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, OSAHS), and the relationship of two diagnosis methods in positioning obstructive level, in order to improve the preoperative diagnostic accuracy of obstructive level in OSAHS patients .

Method: Fifty-nine patients with OSAHS definited by the AG200 sleep apnea monitoring and obstruction plane positioning system was included. They all underwent tongue MRI scan, after three-dimensional reconstruction, the tongue body length to diameter, relative thickness, basal diameter, wide around central about wide diameter and tongue body volume were measured.

Association of traffic-related air pollution with children's neurobehavioral functions in Quanzhou, China.

Background: With the increase of motor vehicles, ambient air pollution related to traffic exhaust has become an important environmental issue in China. Because of their fast growth and development, children are more susceptible to ambient air pollution exposure. Many chemicals from traffic exhaust, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead, have been reported to show adverse effects on neurobehavioral functions.

[Effects of traffic exhausts on children' s neurobehavioral functions scored by neurobehavioral evaluation methods in Quanzhou, Fujian province].

Objective: To explore the effects of traffic exhausts on children's neurobehavioral functions.

Methods: A field study was conducted in Quanzhou, Fujian province where two primary schools were chosen based on the numbers of automobiles passing by,and the data of ambient air pollutants from the monitoring system. School B and School A located at the high traffic exhausts pollution area and the clear area, respectively.