DDANet: A deep dilated attention network for intracerebral haemorrhage segmentation.

Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is an urgent and potentially fatal medical condition caused by brain blood vessel rupture, leading to blood accumulation in the brain tissue. Due to the pressure and damage it causes to brain tissue, ICH results in severe neurological impairment or even death. Recently, deep neural networks have been widely applied to enhance the speed and precision of ICH detection yet they are still challenged by small or subtle hemorrhages.

Design of a novel state-feedback robust [Formula: see text] sliding-mode controller for a hydraulic turbine governing system.

This paper presents a novel state-feedback robust sliding-mode controller (SFRSMC) based on a mixed approach to enhance the control performance of hydraulic turbine governing systems (HTGS) with complex conduit systems under external load disturbances and control signal uncertainties. A state-space model incorporating the dynamic responses of the HTGS is developed. The SFRSMC is designed using the sliding-mode equivalent control principle, with a disturbance observer to estimate and mitigate unknown disturbances.

Within-season estimates of 10 m aboveground biomass based on Landsat, Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope data.

Monitoring within-season dynamics of aboveground biomass (AGB) is critical for adaptive decision-making in grasslands to respond to changing conditions caused by frequent disturbances (e.g., grazing activities, fires, climate variations).

Experience of patent ductus arteriosus ligation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment in newborns with severe respiratory failure due to persistent pulmonary hypertension: a single-center retrospective study.

Background: The aim of this study is to summarize our center's experience with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment in newborns with severe respiratory failure due to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).

Methods: We retrospectively collected and analyzed clinical data from five newborns with severe respiratory failure due to PPHN who underwent PDA ligation during ECMO treatment at our hospital between January 2021 and August 2023.

Results: All five patients had large PDAs, measuring 10 mm, 6 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, and 6 mm, respectively.

Insufficient Muscle Development Level Associated with Serum Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt Levels in Children Aged 6 to 9 Years in Shenzhen, China.

Some trace elements have been found to be associated with muscle mass and muscle function; however, evidence in children is limited, and it remains unclear which trace elements are more relevant. We aimed to explore the association of levels of individual and combined essential trace elements and muscle development level (MDL) in young children. Muscle mass was measured by body composition analysis, and trace elements were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction suppresses cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mice after myocardial infarction through activation of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cardiac apoptosis has been reported to be involved in the development of Heart failure (HF) after Myocardial infarction (MI). As a traditional Chinese medicine with cardioprotective properties, Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction (GXBD) is therapeutically effective in treating MI. However, whether GXBD regulates cardiac apoptosis in HF after MI remains unknown, and the underlying mechanisms still unclear.

Safety evaluation of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine as a novel food.

To evaluate the safety of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (α-GPC) as a novel food, the study of acute oral toxicity, subchronic toxicity, teratogenic toxicity and genotoxicity were conducted. In acute oral toxicity, no toxic effects were observed in rats of both genders administrated 10.0 g/kg BW α-GPC.

Trivalent Chromium Ameliorates Lipid Accumulation and Enhances Glucose Metabolism in the High-NEFA Environment of Bovine Hepatocytes by Regulating PI3K/AKT Pathways.

During the periparturient transition period, dairy cows are often accompanied by disorders of liver glycolipid metabolism. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays an important role in the homeostasis of glycolipid metabolism. Trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] is an essential trace element in the body.

Clinical Study and Finite Element Analysis on the Effects of Pseudo-Patella Baja After TKA.

Objective: Pseudo-patella baja (PPB) was one of the complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This complication may be closely related to the occurrence of knee joint movement limitation and pain after TKA. This study aimed to investigate whether PPB affects clinical outcomes after TKA and to study the biomechanical effects of PPB after TKA.

ZNF350 gene polymorphisms promote the response to Peg-IFNα therapy through JAK-STAT signaling pathway in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Background: The varying individual responses to Pegylated interferon-α (Peg-IFNα) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) pose significant hurdles in treatment optimization, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective: We aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms influencing the efficacy of Peg-IFNα in patients with HBeAg-positive CHB, with the goal to predict Peg-IFNα response before treatment.

Methods: We employed an Asian Screening Array analysis involving 124 HBeAg-positive CHB patients treated with Peg-IFNα.

Improving the geographical traceability of tea in China based on stable isotope ratios.

Unlabelled: The potential of improving the classification of tea samples from different regions was studied by using stable isotope ratios analysis. The stable isotope ratios of 44 elements in tea samples were determined ( < 0.05).

Pedunculoside alleviates cognitive deficits and neuronal cell apoptosis by activating the AMPK signaling cascade.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction emerges as an early pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are pivotal in the initiation of neuronal cell apoptosis. Pedunculoside(Ped), a novel triterpene saponin derived from the dried barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb, exhibits a potent anti-inflammatory effect.

Quantum efficiency enhancement of reflective GaAs photocathodes with exponential-doping structure generating a favorable built-in electric field.

The rapid development of GaAs photocathodes has led to an increased focus on the attainment of high quantum efficiency. Three types of exponential-doping structures with a high to low doping concentration distribution from the interior to the surface are proposed for reflective GaAs emission layers. These three structures generate different built-in electric fields that facilitate photoelectron emission.

Range extended SP-iToF LiDAR with time-gated and spatially fused imaging.

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems based on indirect time-of-flight (iToF) sensors have garnered considerable interest due to their all-solid-state design, high resolution, high reliability, and cost-effective nature. However, the challenge of extending the operational range of iToF LiDAR systems without compromising the range precision is a significant barrier to their broader application. This paper introduces what we believe to be a novel method to overcome these hurdles, which involves pre-setting the delay between the light pulse emission and the sensor's transfer gates to extend the operational range and utilizing spatial overlap fusion techniques to enhance the range precision.

Magnesium degradation-induced variable fixation plates promote bone healing in rabbits.

Background: Both initial mechanical stability and subsequent axial interfragmentary micromotion at fracture ends play crucial roles in fracture healing. However, the conversion timing of variable fixation and its effect on and mechanism of fracture healing remain inadequately explored.

Methods: A magnesium degradation-induced variable fixation plate (MVFP) for femurs was designed, and its conversion timing was investigated both in vitro and in vivo.

Multi-compartment neuron and population encoding powered spiking neural network for deep distributional reinforcement learning.

Inspired by the brain's information processing using binary spikes, spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer significant reductions in energy consumption and are more adept at incorporating multi-scale biological characteristics. In SNNs, spiking neurons serve as the fundamental information processing units. However, in most models, these neurons are typically simplified, focusing primarily on the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) point neuron model while neglecting the structural properties of biological neurons.

ADAR1 enhances tumor proliferation and radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer by interacting with Rad18.

Purpose: Posttranslational modification significantly contributes to the transcriptional diversity of tumors. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) and its mediated adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing have been reported to influence tumorigenesis across various cancer types. Nevertheless, the relationship between ADAR1 and radioresistence remains to be elucidated.

Foodborne pathogen detection using surface acoustic wave biosensors: a review.

This paper summarizes several attractive surface acoustic wave (SAW) biosensors, including Love-wave sensors, dual-channel SAW sensors, langasite SAW sensors, and SAW syringe filters. SAW sensors with different piezoelectric materials and high-frequency SAW sensors used for identifying the food pathogenic bacteria () are discussed together with the examples of methods based on such sensing technology that have been effectively utilized in diagnostics and epidemiological research. This review also emphasizes some of the limitations of using these biosensors, which have prompted the increased need for more rapid, sensitive, selective, portable, power-efficient, and low-cost methods for detecting these pathogens.

FragGen: towards 3D geometry reliable fragment-based molecular generation.

3D structure-based molecular generation is a successful application of generative AI in drug discovery. Most earlier models follow an atom-wise paradigm, generating molecules with good docking scores but poor molecular properties (like synthesizability and drugability). In contrast, fragment-wise generation offers a promising alternative by assembling chemically viable fragments.