Oxidative stress and energy metabolism abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as a common endocrine and metabolic disorder, is often regarded as a primary cause of anovulatory infertility in women. The pathogenesis of PCOS is complex and influenced by multiple factors. Emerging evidence highlights that energy metabolism dysfunction and oxidative stress in granulosa cells (GCs) are pivotal contributors to aberrant follicular development and impaired fertility in PCOS patients.

[Observation on the clinical effect of He's fire needle therapy combined with walnut-shell moxibustion on perimenopausal dry eye disease].

Objectives: To observe the clinical effect on perimenopausal dry eye disease treated with He's fire needle therapy combined with walnut-shell moxibustion.

Methods: A total of 60 patients with perimenopausal dry eye disease were randomized into an observation group (30 cases) and a control group (30 cases). In the observation group, the pricking technique with fire needle was operated at bilateral Naokong (GB19), Feishu (BL13), Xinshu (BL15), Ganshu (BL18), Pishu (BL20), Shenshu (BL23), 3 times a week, for 4 weeks, and the walnut-shell moxibustion was combined, 30 minutes each time, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks.

Spermine synthase engages in macrophages M2 polarization to sabotage antitumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Disturbances in tumor cell metabolism reshape the tumor microenvironment (TME) and impair antitumor immunity, but the implicit mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we found that spermine synthase (SMS) was significantly upregulated in tumor cells, which correlated positively with the immunosuppressive microenvironment and predicted poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Via "subcutaneous" and "orthotopic" HCC syngeneic mouse models and a series of in vitro coculture experiments, we identified elevated SMS levels in HCC cells played a role in immune escape mainly through its metabolic product spermine, which induced M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and subsequently corresponded with a decreased antitumor functionality of CD8 T cells.

Chitosan hydrogel microspheres loaded with Bacillus subtilis promote plant growth and reduce chromium uptake.

Cr contamination can lead to reduced crop yields and threaten food security. Eliminating soil Cr contamination or improving crop resistance to Cr is challenging in terms of costly, environment and biodiversity risk. Here, we used chitosan hydrogel microspheres loaded with Bacillus subtilis to cope with plant stress caused by Cr contamination.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles Are a Promising Alternative to Antibiotics for Treating Sepsis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening disease caused by the overwhelming response to pathogen infections. Currently, treatment options for sepsis are limited to broad-spectrum antibiotics and supportive care. However, the growing resistance of pathogens to common antibiotics complicates treatment efforts.

Variations in RASA1 and EPHB4 in Chinese patients with capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation.

Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) is a genetic condition predominantly attributed to variations in the RASA1 or EPHB4 genes. We identified three genetic variations: a variation in the RASA1 (c.2603+1G>A) and two novel variations in the EPHB4 (c.

Effects of chemokine-binding protein in visceral ovine aphthae on immune regulation response.

ORFV of the family poxvirus，which produces a pustular dermatitis both in humans and animals.,Previous studies have found an fatal case caused by the infection of ORFV in the viscera. However, the mechanisms of ORFV how to infect the viscera remain unknown.

Facile and green synthesis of Au nanoparticles decorated Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate nanospheres with enhanced performance in stability, photothermal conversion and nanozymatic activity.

In this study, epigallocatechin-3-gallate nanospheres (EGCG NSs) are employed as an innovative alternative to traditional reducing agents for the in-situ growth of AuNPs on the EGCG NS surface to produce the Au nanoparticles decorated EGCG nanospheres (EGCG NS@AuNPs). This eco-friendly approach avoids toxic chemicals and simplifies the synthesis process, enhancing biocompatibility and functional properties of the resulting EGCG NS@AuNPs nanocomposite. The nanocomposite exhibits remarkable stability, photothermal properties, and peroxidase-like enzymatic activity.

[Potential pathways for traditional Chinese medicine intervention in diabetic kidney disease: macrophage polarization].

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD) is a prevalent and severe microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Chronic microinflammation is an important factor exacerbating renal tissue damage in DKD individuals. Macrophages play a crucial role in immune-inflammatory responses, and they can transiently and reversibly polarize into the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype based on microenvironmental differences.

A Multi-Functional Nanoadjuvant Coupling Manganese with Toll-Like 9 Agonist Stimulates Potent Innate and Adaptive Anti-Tumor Immunity.

The effectiveness of Toll-like 9 agonists (CpG) as an adjuvant for tumor immunotherapy is restricted due to their insufficient ability to activate anti-tumor immunity. To address that, the common nutrient metal ions are explored (Mn, Cu, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Al), identifying Mn as a key enhancer of CpG to mediate immune activation by augmenting the STING-NF-κB pathway. Mn and CpG are then self-assembled with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) into a nanoadjuvant MPN/CpG.

Enhancing melanoma therapy by modulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment with an MMP-2 sensitive and nHA/GNE co-encapsulated hydrogel.

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, such as lactic acid and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) overexpression, has been well confirmed to be adverse for tumor therapy. In current study, a tumor microenvironment modulatory hydrogel was successfully developed to treat melanoma by taking advantage of the synergistic effects of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) with well-documented selective anti-tumor action, lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitor (R)-GNE-140 (GNE), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) sensitive peptide. The hydrogel was acquired by the reaction of 4-arm-polyethylene glycol-maleic anhydride (4-arm-PEG-MAL) and MMP-2 sensitive peptide (CC-14), in which nHA and GNE were co-encapsulated physically.

Micro/Nano Hierarchical Crater-Like Structure Surface With Mechanical Durability and Low-Adhesion for Anti-Icing/Deicing.

Superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted significant attention for their ability to prevent ice formation and facilitate deicing without requiring external energy. However, these surfaces are often vulnerable to damage from external forces, leading to functional failure due to poor mechanical stability, which limits their widespread use. Drawing inspiration from the hierarchical groove of rose petals and the micropapillae of lotus leaves, a simple laser-based method is proposed to create a superhydrophobic surface with a micro/nano hierarchical crater-like structure (HCLS).

Prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of a 10q11.21q11.23 duplication associated with a normal phenotype.

Copy number variants (CNVs) are an important source of normal and pathogenic genome variations. Unbalanced chromosome abnormalities are either gains or losses of large genomic regions that do not or only minimally clinically affect the individual. Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is widely used in the screening of common fetal chromosome aneuploidy.

An electrochemical biosensor for sensitive detection of live Salmonella in food via MXene amplified methylene blue signals and electrostatic immobilization of bacteriophages.

A novel bacteriophage-targeted electrochemical biosensor designed for accurate and quantitative detection of live Salmonella in food samples is presented. The biosensor is simply constructed by electrostatic immobilizing bacteriophages on MXene-nanostructured electrodes. MXene, renowned for its high surface area, biocompatibility, and conductivity, serves as an ideal platform for bacteriophage immobilization.

Immunomodulatory effect of tibetan medicine compound extracts against ORFV in vitro by metabolomics.

Ovine contagious pustular dermatitis (ORF) is one of the main diseases of sheep and is a zoonotic disease caused by Ovine contagious pustular dermatitis virus (ORFV) infection, posing a significant constraint on sheep breeding industry and human health. The Tibetan medical formulation composed of Polygonum leucoides, Polygonum xanthoxylum and Acanthophora rotunda significantly regulated lymphocyte immune function following ORFV stimulation, although the mechanism remains unclear. In order to study the immunomodulatory effects and mechanism of three Tibetan medicinal extracts (Polygonum leucoides, Polygonum xanthoxylum, and Acanthophora rotunda) against ORFV in vitro, sheep peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated in vitro and treated with different concentrations of Tibetan medicine compound extract solution after ORFV infection.

Polystyrene microplastics aggravate radiation-induced intestinal injury in mice.

Radiotherapy is a common treatment for abdominal and pelvic tumors, while the radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) is one of the major side-effects of radiotherapy, which reduces the life quality and impedes the treatment completion of cancer patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that environmental pollutant microplastics led to various kinds of injury in the gut, but its effects on RIII are still uncovered. In this study, we fed the C57BL/6J mice with distilled water or 50 μg/d polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) for 17 days and exposed the mice to total abdominal irradiation (TAI) at day 14.

Molecular Engineering of a Doubly Quenched Fluorescent Probe Enables Ultrasensitive Detection of Biothiols in Highly Diluted Plasma and High-Fidelity Imaging of Dihydroartemisinin-Induced Ferroptosis.

The occurrence and development of diseases are accompanied by abnormal activity or concentration of biomarkers in cells, tissues, and blood. However, the insufficient sensitivity and accuracy of the available fluorescence probes hinder the precise monitoring of associated indexes in biological systems, which is generally due to the high probe intrinsic fluorescence and false-negative signal caused by the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced probe decomposition. To resolve these problems, we have engineered a ROS-stable, meso-carboxylate boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based fluorescent probe, which displays quite a low background fluorescence due to the doubly quenched intrinsic fluorescence by a combined strategy of the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect and "ester-to-carboxylate" conversion.

Photoelectrochemical/Colorimetric Dual-Mode Specific Detection of Based on the Enzymatic Reaction Triggered by Catalase from Lysed Bacteria.

() is abundant in nature and frequently leads to various health issues. Bacteriophages as obligate intracellular parasites of bacteria have the ability to specifically identify and infect , causing bacterial lysis and the release of endogenous catalase (CAT). The released CAT triggers the conversion of HO into O and HO, resulting in a notable decrease in UV absorption at 570 nm and a concurrent surge in photocurrent.

Lipidomics and metabolomics reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of thermal treatment on composition and oxidative stability of walnut oil.

Roasting walnut kernel significantly improves the oxidative stability and sensory properties of its oil. However, the effect of roasting temperatures on the molecular change of main components and micronutrients in walnut oil is still unclear. Herein, lipidomics and metabolomics were integrated to comprehensively profile the walnut oil obtained at different roasting temperatures (30 °C, 120 °C, 140 °C, 160 °C, and 180 °C).

Point-of-Care Testing of Whole Blood for Liver Injury Auxiliary Diagnosis with Biothiols Activable Chemiluminescent Probe.

Liver injury significantly affects a patient's health and quality of life. However, timely and convenient diagnosis of this disease via whole blood detection remains challenging due to the lack of user-friendly and fast readout blood test methods. Herein, we developed such a method for the swift auxiliary diagnosis of liver injury via whole blood detection using a customed point-of-care testing (POCT) system consisting of a biothiols-activatable chemiluminescent probe and a hand-held POCT device.