Combined transcriptomic, metabolomic and physiological analysis reveals the key role of nitrogen, but not phosphate and potassium in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis induced by nutrient deficiency in Eucalyptus.

Anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus plants can be flexibly and rapidly modulated in response to hormones or environmental stimuli, including nutrient deprivation (ND). However, the underlying mechanism of ND in inducing anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants remains largely elusive. In this study, we discovered that anthocyanin levels in leaves and stems could well reflect nitrogen availability in Eucalyptus.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of Cyperus esculentus and C. rotundus with contrasting oil contents in tubers defines genes and regulatory networks involved in oil accumulation.

Plant vegetative organs present great potential for lipid storage, with tubers of Cyperus esculentus as a unique example. To investigate the genome and transcriptomic features of C. esculentus and related species, we sequenced and assembled the C.

Reactive oxygen species act as the key signaling molecules mediating light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus.

Light plays a pivotal role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants, and the early light-responsive signals that initiate anthocyanin biosynthesis remain to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that the anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus is hypersensitive to increased light intensity. The combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted on Eucalyptus leaves after moderate (ML; 100 μmol m s) and high (HL; 300 μmol m s) light intensity treatments.

Inhibition of flowering by gibberellins in the woody plant Jatropha curcas is restored by overexpression of JcFT.

Jatropha curcas (J. curcas) is a perennial oil-seed plant with vigorous vegetative growth but relatively poor reproductive growth and low seed yield. Gibberellins (GAs) promotes flowering in most annual plants but inhibits flowering in many woody plants, including J.

Cytokinin promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis via regulating sugar accumulation and MYB113 expression in Eucalyptus.

Anthocyanins are flavonoid-like substances that play important roles in plants' adaptation to various environmental stresses. In this research, we discovered that cytokinin (CK) alone could effectively induce the anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus and many other perennial woody plant species, but not in tobacco and Arabidopsis, suggesting a diverse role of CK in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in different species. Transcriptomic and metabolomic strategies were used to further clarify the specific role of CK in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus.

Identification of flowering genes in Camellia perpetua by comparative transcriptome analysis.

Camellia perpetua has the excellent characteristic of flowering multiple times throughout the year, which is of great importance to solve the problem of "short flowering period" and "low fresh flower yield" in the yellow Camellia industry at present. Observations of flowering phenology have demonstrated that most floral buds of C. perpetua were formed by the differentiation of axillary buds in the scales at the base of the terminal buds of annual branches.

JcSEUSS1 negatively regulates reproductive organ development in perennial woody Jatropha curcas.

Overexpression of JcSEUSS1 resulted in late flowering, reduced flower number, wrinkled kernels, and decreased seed yield in Jatopha curcas, while downregulation of JcSEUSS1 increased flower number and seed production. The seed oil of Jatropha curcas is suitable as an ideal alternative for diesel fuel, yet the seed yield of Jatropha is restricted by its small number of female flowers and low seed setting rate. Therefore, it is crucial to identify genes that regulate flowering and seed set, and hence improve seed yield.

Transcriptome-Based Construction of the Gibberellin Metabolism and Signaling Pathways in × , and Functional Characterization of and in Regulating Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Adaptations.

Gibberellins (GAs) are the key regulators controlling plant growth, wood production and the stress responses in perennial woody plants. The role of GA in regulating the above-mentioned processes in remain largely unclear. There is still a lack of systematic identification and functional characterization of GA-related genes in .

Macadamia germplasm and genomic database (MacadamiaGGD): A comprehensive platform for germplasm innovation and functional genomics in .

As an important nut crop species, macadamia continues to gain increased amounts of attention worldwide. Nevertheless, with the vast increase in macadamia omic data, it is becoming difficult for researchers to effectively process and utilize the information. In this work, we developed the first integrated germplasm and genomic database for macadamia (MacadamiaGGD), which includes five genomes of four species; three chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes; genome annotations; transcriptomic data for three macadamia varieties, germplasm data for four species and 262 main varieties; nine genetic linkage maps; and 35 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Cytokinin Response Regulator (RR) Genes in the Woody Plant and Functional Analysis of in .

The cytokinin (CK) response regulator (RR) gene family plays a pivotal role in regulating the developmental and environmental responses of plants. Axillary bud outgrowth in the perennial woody plant is regulated by the crosstalk between CK and gibberellins (GA). In this study, we first analyzed the effects of gibberellin A3 (GA), lovastatin (a CK synthesis inhibitor), decapitation, and their interaction, on the outgrowth of axillary buds.

An ortholog of the MADS-box gene SEPALLATA3 regulates stamen development in the woody plant Jatropha curcas.

Overexpression of JcSEP3 causes defective stamen development in Jatropha curcas, in which brassinosteroid and gibberellin signaling pathways may be involved. SEPALLATAs (SEPs), the class E genes of the ABCE model, are required for floral organ determination. In this study, we investigated the role of the JcSEP3 gene in floral organ development in the woody plant Jatropha curcas.

Efficiency of graft-transmitted JcFT for floral induction in woody perennial species of the Jatropha genus depends on transport distance.

FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) promotes flowering by integrating six genetic pathways. In Arabidopsis, the FT protein is transported from leaves to shoot apices and induces flowering. However, contradictory conclusions about floral induction via graft-transmitted FT in trees were reported in previous studies.

Extended mining of the oil biosynthesis pathway in biofuel plant Jatropha curcas by combined analysis of transcriptome and gene interactome data.

Background: Jatropha curcas L. is an important non-edible oilseed crop with a promising future in biodiesel production. However, little is known about the molecular biology of oil biosynthesis in this plant when compared with other established oilseed crops, resulting in the absence of agronomically improved varieties of Jatropha.

First Report of Collar Rot in Purple Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis) Caused by Neocosmospora solani in Yunnan province, China.

Purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is a perennial climbing vine native to South America that is grown worldwide as an edible tropical fruit with excellent nutritional value and high economic value (Zibadi et al. 2007). With the increasing expansion of the plantation area in China, considerable economic loss caused by collar rot has attracted wide attention.

Overexpression of Type 1 and 2 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Genes ( and ) Enhances Oil Production in the Woody Perennial Biofuel Plant .

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is the only enzyme that catalyzes the acyl-CoA-dependent acylation of sn-1, 2-diacylglycerol (DAG) to form triacylglycerol (TAG). The two main types of DGAT enzymes in the woody perennial biofuel plant , JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2, were previously characterized only in heterologous systems. In this study, we investigated the functions of and in and were found to be predominantly expressed during the late stages of seed development, in which large amounts of oil accumulated.

Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis in the Oil-Rich Tuber Crop Tiger Nut () Based on Transcriptome Data.

Tiger nut (), a perennial C plant of the family, is an unconventional crop that is distinguished by its oil-rich tubers, which also possesses the advantages of strong resistance, wide adaptability, short life periods, and large biomass. To facilitate studies on gene expression in this species, we identified and validated a series of reference genes (RGs) based on transcriptome data, which can be employed as internal controls for qRT-PCR analysis in tiger nut. Fourteen putative candidate RGs were identified and evaluated across nine different tissues of two cultivars, and the RGs were analyzed using three different algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper).

Silencing of the Ortholog of Gene in the Woody Perennial Alters Flower and Fruit Development.

DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 (DAD1), a phospholipase A1, utilizes galactolipids (18:3) to generate α-linolenic acid (ALA) in the initial step of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis in . In this study, we isolated the gene, an ortholog of in , and found that it is mainly expressed in the stems, roots, and male flowers of . -RNAi transgenic plants with low endogenous jasmonate levels in inflorescences exhibited more and larger flowers, as well as a few abortive female flowers, although anther and pollen development were normal.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of gynoecious and monoecious inflorescences reveals regulators involved in male flower development in the woody perennial plant Jatropha curcas.

ABCE model genes along with genes related to GA biosynthesis and auxin signalling may play significant roles in male flower development in Jatropha curcas. Flowering plants exhibit extreme reproductive diversity. Jatropha curcas, a woody plant that is promising for biofuel production, is monoecious.

ortholog of () promoter exhibits floral-specific activity in .

Background: L., a perennial oilseed plant, is considered as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. Genetic modification of flowering characteristics is critical for breeding.

De novo genome assembly and Hi-C analysis reveal an association between chromatin architecture alterations and sex differentiation in the woody plant Jatropha curcas.

Background: Chromatin architecture is an essential factor regulating gene transcription in different cell types and developmental phases. However, studies on chromatin architecture in perennial woody plants and on the function of chromatin organization in sex determination have not been reported.

Results: Here, we produced a chromosome-scale de novo genome assembly of the woody plant Jatropha curcas with a total length of 379.

Flower-Specific Overproduction of Cytokinins Altered Flower Development and Sex Expression in the Perennial Woody Plant L.

L. is monoecious with a low female-to-male ratio, which is one of the factors restricting its seed yield. Because the phytohormone cytokinins play an essential role in flower development, particularly pistil development, in this study, we elevated the cytokinin levels in flowers through transgenic expression of a cytokinin biosynthetic gene () from Arabidopsis under the control of a orthologue of () promoter that is predominantly active in flowers.

Developmental basis for flower sex determination and effects of cytokinin on sex determination in Plukenetia volubilis (Euphorbiaceae).

Cytokinin might be an important factor to regulate floral sex at the very early stage of flower development in sacha inchi. Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis, Euphorbiaceae) is characterized by having female and male flowers in a thyrse with particular differences. The mechanisms involved in the development of unisexual flowers are very poorly understood.

JCDB: a comprehensive knowledge base for Jatropha curcas, an emerging model for woody energy plants.

Background: Jatropha curcas is an oil-bearing plant, and has seeds with high oil content (~ 40%). Several advantages, such as easy genetic transformation and short generation duration, have led to the emergence of J. curcas as a model for woody energy plants.