Toxicological evaluation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii enriched with protoporphyrin IX.

The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (red) is a strain rich in protoporphyrin IX, which could be used as algal-derived novel sustainable nutritional sources. However, the safety research on C. reinhardtii (red) remains insufficient and further investigation is needed.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone ameliorates renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the pyroptosis pathway in C57BL/6 mice and human kidney 2 cells.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is characterized by renal fibrosis, is a major complication of diabetes, a disease that afflicted more than 460 million people worldwide in 2019. Pyroptosis is an essential signaling pathway in DN-related injuries, such as renal fibrosis. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a naturally occurring bioactive compound that protects human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells from oxidative stress-induced damage caused by high glucose concentrations.