Tgm2-Catalyzed Covalent Cross-Linking of IκBα Drives NF-κB Nuclear Translocation to Promote SASP in Senescent Microglia.

Microglia, as resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and phagocytosing metabolic waste in the brain. Senescent microglia exhibit decreased phagocytic capacity and increased neuroinflammation through senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This process contributes to the development of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Development of a new paradigm model for deciphering action mechanism of Danhong injection using a combination of isothermal shift assay and database interrogation.

Background: Identification of active components of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and their respective targets is important for understanding the mechanisms underlying TCM efficacy. However, there are still no effective technical methods to achieve this.

Methods: Herein, we have established a method for rapidly identifying targets of a specific TCM and interrogating the targets with their corresponding active components based on Isothermal Shift Assay (iTSA) and database interrogation.

Identification of immunity-related genes distinctly regulated by Manduca sexta Spӓtzle-1/2 and Escherichia coli peptidoglycan.

The immune system of Manduca sexta has been well studied to understand molecular mechanisms of insect antimicrobial responses. While evidence supports the existence of major immune signaling pathways in this species, it is unclear how induced production of defense proteins is specifically regulated by the Toll and Imd pathways. Our previous studies suggested that diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycans (DAP-PG) from Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria, more than Lys-type peptidoglycans (Lys-PG) from other Gram-positive bacteria, triggers both pathways through membrane-bound receptors orthologous to Drosophila Toll and PGRP-LC.

Genome-wide identification, classification, and expression profiling of serine esterases and other esterase-related proteins in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.

Serine esterases (SEs) are hydrolases that catalyze the conversion of carboxylic esters into acids and alcohols. Lipases and carboxylesterases constitute two major groups of SEs. Although over a hundred of insect genomes are known, systematic identification and classification of SEs are rarely performed, likely due to large size and complex composition of the gene family in each species.

The Genome of (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae): Adaptation for Success.

The lesser grain borer, (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), is a major global pest of cereal grains. Infestations are difficult to control as larvae feed inside grain kernels, and many populations are resistant to both contact insecticides and fumigants.

Digestion-related proteins in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.

Food digestion is vital for the survival and prosperity of insects. Research on insect digestive enzymes yields knowledge of their structure and function, and potential targets of antifeedants to control agricultural pests. While such enzymes from pest species are more relevant for inhibitor screening, a systematic analysis of their counterparts in a model insect has broader impacts.