Influence of egg density on larval development and adult body size of cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis).

Fleas (Siphonaptera) are holometabolous insects with larval and adult stages that exhibit vastly different ecologies from each other. Adult fleas are parasitic and feed exclusively on the blood of a vertebrate host, whereas flea larvae do not live on hosts and consume dried faecal blood from adult fleas. Because flea larvae rely on adult flea faeces for food, excrement and eggs must fall in the same location; thus, larval density is likely high in these restricted habitats.

Space-time data-driven modeling of precipitation-induced shallow landslides in South Tyrol, Italy.

Shallow landslides represent potentially damaging processes in mountain areas worldwide. These geomorphic processes are usually caused by an interplay of predisposing, preparatory, and triggering environmental factors. At regional scales, data-driven methods have been used to model shallow landslides by addressing the spatial and temporal components separately.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Response to Hypoxia.

Louis, Alexandre, Charlotte Pröpper, Yann Savina, Corentin Tanne, Guy Duperrex, Paul Robach, Pascal Zellner, Stéphane Doutreleau, Jean-Michel Boulet, Alain Frey, Fabien Pillard, Cristina Pistea, Mathias Poussel, Thomas Thuet, Jean-Paul Richalet, and François Lecoq-Jammes. The impact of COVID-19 on the response to hypoxia. .

Fast-Charging Capability of Thin-Film Prussian Blue Analogue Electrodes for Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Prussian blue analogues are considered as promising candidates for aqueous sodium-ion batteries providing a decently high energy density for stationary energy storage. However, suppose the operation of such materials under high-power conditions could be facilitated. In that case, their application might involve fast-response power grid stabilization and enable short-distance urban mobility due to fast re-charging.

Elucidating the Roles of Nafion/Solvent Formulations in Copper-Catalyzed CO Electrolysis.

Nafion ionomer, composed of hydrophobic perfluorocarbon backbones and hydrophilic sulfonic acid side chains, is the most widely used additive for preparing catalyst layers (CLs) for electrochemical CO reduction, but its impact on the performance of CO electrolysis remains poorly understood. Here, we systematically investigate the role of the catalyst ink formulation on CO electrolysis using commercial CuO nanoparticles as the model pre-catalyst. We find that the presence of Nafion is essential for achieving stable product distributions due to its ability to stabilize the catalyst morphology under reaction conditions.

The Effect of a 300 mBar Increase in Barometric Pressure on Digital Microcirculation in Healthy Subjects Exposed to High Altitude: Is the Use of a Portable Hyperbaric Chamber to Treat Frostbite and/or Hypothermia in the Field Indicated? (Flow_Pulse Study).

Introduction: Hypothermia and frostbite occur when there is a significant decrease in central and peripheral body temperature in individuals exposed to cold windy conditions, often at high altitude or in a mountain environment. Portable hyperbaric chambers increase the barometric pressure and thereby the partial pressure of oxygen inside the chamber, and their use is a well-known treatment for altitude illness. This study aims to show that a portable hyperbaric chamber could also be used to treat hypothermia and frostbite in the field, when rescue or descent is impossible or delayed.

Three dimensional passivated-electrode insulator-based dielectrophoresis.

In this study, a 3D passivated-electrode, insulator-based dielectrophoresis microchip (3D πDEP) is presented. This technology combines the benefits of electrode-based DEP, insulator-based DEP, and three dimensional insulating features with the goal of improving trapping efficiency of biological species at low applied signals and fostering wide frequency range operation of the microfluidic device. The 3D πDEP chips were fabricated by making 3D structures in silicon using reactive ion etching.

3D Insulator-based dielectrophoresis using DC-biased, AC electric fields for selective bacterial trapping.

Insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) is a well-known technique that harnesses electric fields for separating, moving, and trapping biological particle samples. Recent work has shown that utilizing DC-biased AC electric fields can enhance the performance of iDEP devices. In this study, an iDEP device with 3D varying insulating structures analyzed in combination with DC biased AC fields is presented for the first time.

Embedded passivated-electrode insulator-based dielectrophoresis (EπDEP).

Here, we introduce a new technique called embedded passivated-electrode insulator-based dielectrophoresis (EπDEP) for preconcentration, separation, or enrichment of bioparticles, including living cells. This new method combines traditional electrode-based DEP and insulator-based DEP with the objective of enhancing the electric field strength and capture efficiency within the microfluidic channel while alleviating direct contact between the electrode and the fluid. The EπDEP chip contains embedded electrodes within the microfluidic channel covered by a thin passivation layer of only 4 μm.

Off-chip passivated-electrode, insulator-based dielectrophoresis (OπDEP).

In this study, we report the first off-chip passivated-electrode, insulator-based dielectrophoresis microchip (OπDEP). This technique combines the sensitivity of electrode-based dielectrophoresis (eDEP) with the high-throughput and inexpensive device characteristics of insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP). The device is composed of a permanent, reusable set of electrodes and a disposable, polymer microfluidic chip with microposts embedded in the microchannel.

Selective E. coli trapping with 3D insulator-based dielectrophoresis using DC-biased, AC electric fields.

We present the development of a batch trapping, insulator-based dielectrophoretic (iDEP) device with three-dimensional design. The microfluidic devices use DC-biased, AC electric fields to selectively manipulate biological particles based on their electric properties. The mold for the polymer microdevices is fabricated using an RIE-lag technique which creates microchannels with varying depths using a single etch process.

Silicon insulator-based dielectrophoresis devices for minimized heating effects.

Concentration of biological specimens that are extremely dilute in a solution is of paramount importance for their detection. Microfluidic chips based on insulator-based DEP (iDEP) have been used to selectively concentrate bacteria and viruses. iDEP biochips are currently fabricated with glass or polymer substrates to allow for high electric fields within the channels.

[Results of follow-up of Matti-Russe surgical treatment of scaphoid pseudarthroses].

Sixty patients after Matti-Russe procedures for scaphoid non-union were investigated. In 85%, autologous corticocancellous bone grafting was successful. Wrist function was good in 65% of the cases.

The 1990 Everett Idris Evans memorial lecture: the inhalation injury.

The most important question that had to be answered from our animal data was whether a significant difference existed between the two groups. It could be observed that the resuscitation with Ringer's lactate did not lead to any increased lymph flow or total transcapillary protein flow in spite of the drop in protein and oncotic pressure in plasma. With Ringer's lactate there was a lower lymph to plasma protein ratio, which might be significant.

[Efficiency of long-term dental treatment].

250 patients in long-term treatment (about 12, 4 years) were examined concerning their oral symptoms (DMF/T, CPITN, GPM, Plaque-index, Sulcus-bleeding-index of Mühlemann and Son), number of teeth, number of extracted teeth and teeth with endodontic treatment during the treatment period. These patients were compared with 250 patients, who were not under regularly treatment. There are clear differences between both groups.

Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin/clavulanate in severely burned patients.

A pharmacokinetic trial with ticarcillin/clavulanate was undertaken in patients with severe burns. Timentin 5.2 g (ticarcillin 5 g + clavulanate 200 mg) was administered by iv infusion over 20 min, two or three times daily.

[Procedures in reconstructive interventions in the area of the face and neck after burn injuries].

Hypertrophic scars and tissue defects are the most common cause of functional and aesthetic problems in the head and neck of burn patients. For reconstructive surgery full-thickness or split thickness skin grafts are preferred. Pedicled flaps or free flaps are mostly used to correct contractures in the neck.

[Initial treatment of burns].

Burns, scalds and caustic burns all bring about an increase in microvascular permeability, with volume losses into the interstitium and at the surface of the body. The first aid measures to be taken include removal of the source of heat, maintenance of the vital functions, institution of infusion therapy with Ringer's lactate, and sterile covering of burn wounds, followed by rapid transportation of the victim to the nearest hospital. The crucial immediate step to be taken at the hospital, when large-area burn wounds are present, is rapid parenteral administration of fluid.

[Primary measures in facial burns].

In regard to the good regeneration of the skin in the facial area surgical therapy in burns can be postponed up to the 2nd week. By then deep 2nd degree burns are healed. The flap procedures are rarely indicated, they are necessary only if bone is exposed.

[Malignant melanoma of the nailbed under a skin graft].

The authors report on a case of subungual malignant melanoma, which developed beneath a split-skin graft. The patient had an accident which caused a pathologic growth of the nail. Eleven years later the patient removed the nail, because it became moist, and a surgeon grafted the nail-bed with a split-thickness skin.

Soft tissue reconstruction of the anterior surface of the lower leg in burn patients using a free latissimus dorsi muscle flap.

The primary treatment of extensive, deep 3 degrees burn injuries of the lower leg can lead to adhesion of the split-thickness graft with the anterior tibial shaft. Chronic recurring defects with correlative soft-tissue infection can be the consequences, which complicate the patient's rehabilitation. In most cases large defects are involved, so that the secondary reconstructive measures must be planned on accordingly generous scale.

[Changes in iodine metabolism in patients with burns treated topically with PVP-iodine].

Under exposure treatment of 33 burn patients with povidone-iodine (polyvinylpyrrolidon-iodine) preparations (Betaisodona ointment and solution) massive absorption of the iodine by the body and temporary changes in the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4 lowered, TSH raised) were found. No other clinical or laboratory-chemical side effects were observed in the patients. TRH stimulation test was carried out on 18 patients 3-6 months after ceasing povidone-iodine application.

Povidone-iodine in the treatment of burn patients.

The improvement in infusion therapy of burn patients in the last decades has led to a marked reduction of the early mortality rate and to an increase in the importance of severe wound infection and septicaemia. For the control of infection, detailed bacteriological monitoring is recommended. The main therapeutic fields for prevention of infection are: immunotherapy, antisepsis, aseptic techniques, and rapid restoration of the destroyed body surface.