Erratum: Einstein-Cartan Portal to Dark Matter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 161301 (2021)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.

Einstein-Cartan Portal to Dark Matter.

It is well known since the works of Utiyama and Kibble that the gravitational force can be obtained by gauging the Poincaré group, which puts gravity on the same footing as the standard model fields. The resulting theory-Einstein-Cartan gravity-inevitably contains four-fermion and scalar-fermion interactions that originate from torsion associated with spin degrees of freedom. We show that these interactions lead to a novel mechanism for producing singlet fermions in the early Universe.

Sociodemographic Characteristics as Predictors of Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Race, gender, insurance status, and income play important roles in predicting health care outcomes. However, the impact of these factors has yet to be fully elucidated in the setting of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: We designed a retrospective cohort study utilizing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to identify patients diagnosed with resectable HCC (N = 28,518).

HIV-associated vacuolar myelopathy: A rare initial presentation of HIV.

HIV-associated vacuolar myelopathy, or AIDS-associated myelopathy, is a rare initial presentation of HIV. One of the common HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, HIV-associated vacuolar myelopathy presents with advanced immunosuppression in patients and is frequently associated with dementia. However, most cases are subclinical with characteristic findings identified through physical examination and/or imaging modalities.

Finding critical states of enhanced memory capacity in attractive cold bosons.

We discuss a class of quantum theories which exhibit a sharply increased memory storage capacity due to emergent gapless degrees of freedom. Their realization, both theoretical and experimental, is of great interest. On the one hand, such systems are motivated from a quantum information point of view.

Influence of race and geographic setting on the management of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Background And Objectives: Conflicting evidence indicates that both race and geographic setting may influence the management of malignancies such as gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC).

Methods: We designed a retrospective cohort study utilizing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program to identify patients with resectable GAC (N = 15 991). Exposures of interest were race and geographic region of diagnosis (West [WE], Midwest [MW], South [SO], or Northeast [NE]).

Infrared divergences and quantum coherence.

In theories with long-range forces like QED or perturbative gravity, only rates that include emitted soft radiation are non-vanishing. Independently of detector resolution, finite observables can only be obtained after integrating over the IR-component of this radiation. This integration can lead to some loss of quantum coherence.

Black hole evaporation, quantum hair and supertranslations.

In a black hole, hair and quantum information retrieval are interrelated phenomena. The existence of any new form of hair necessarily implies the existence of features in the quantum-mechanically evaporated radiation. Therefore, classical supertranslation hair can be only distinguished from global diffeomorphisms if we have access to the interior of the black hole.

Rapid kV-switching single-source dual-energy CT ex vivo renal calculi characterization using a multiparametric approach: refining parameters on an expanded dataset.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the best algorithms for renal stone composition characterization using rapid kV-switching single-source dual-energy computed tomography (rsDECT) and a multiparametric approach after dataset expansion and refinement of variables.

Methods: rsDECT scans (80 and 140 kVp) were performed on 38 ex vivo 5- to 10-mm renal stones composed of uric acid (UA; n = 21), struvite (STR; n = 5), cystine (CYS; n = 5), and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM; n = 7). Measurements were obtained for 17 variables: mean Hounsfield units (HU) at 11 monochromatic keV levels, effective Z, 2 iodine-water material basis pairs, and 3 mean monochromatic keV ratios (40/140, 70/120, 70/140).

What Happens After the Demonstration Phase? The Sustainability of Canada's At Home/Chez Soi Housing First Programs for Homeless Persons with Mental Illness.

This research examined the sustainability of Canada's At Home/Chez Soi Housing First (HF) programs for homeless persons with mental illness 2 years after the end of the demonstration phase of a large (more than 2000 participants enrolled), five-site, randomized controlled trial. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 142 participants (key informants, HF staff, and persons with lived experience) to understand sustainability outcomes and factors that influenced those outcomes. Also, a self-report HF fidelity measure was completed for nine HF programs that continued after the demonstration project.

Ex Vivo Renal Stone Characterization with Single-Source Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: A Multiparametric Approach.

Rationale And Objectives: We aimed to investigate a multiparametric approach using single-source dual-energy computed tomography (ssDECT) for the characterization of renal stones.

Materials And Methods: ssDECT scans were performed at 80 and 140 kVp on 32 ex vivo kidney stones of 3-10 mm in a phantom. True composition was determined by infrared spectroscopy to be uric acid (UA; n = 14), struvite (n = 7), cystine (n = 7), or calcium oxalate monohydrate (n = 4).

Immune Complex-Type Deposits in the Fischer-344 to Lewis Rat Model of Renal Transplantation and a Subset of Human Transplant Glomerulopathy.

Background: Antibody-mediated rejection is a leading cause for renal transplant loss. Rodent models are useful to dissect pathomechanisms and to develop treatment strategies. Although used for decades as a model, glomerular histopathological findings of Fischer-344 kidneys transplanted into Lewis rats have never been comprehensively described.

A familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 11 associated with a microdeletion of 163 kb and microduplication of 288 kb at 11p13 and 11q22.3 without aniridia or eye anomalies.

Interstitial deletions of 11p13 involving MPPED2, DCDC5, DCDC1, DNAJC24, IMMP1L, and ELP4 are previously reported to have downstream transcriptional effects on the expression of PAX6, due to a downstream regulatory region (DRR). Currently, no clear genotype-phenotype correlations have been established allowing for conclusive information regarding the exact location of the PAX6 DRR, though its location has been approximated in mouse models to be within the Elp4 gene. Of the clinical reports currently published examining patients with intact PAX6 genes but harboring deletions identified in genes downstream of PAX6, 100% indicate phenotypes which include aniridia, whereas approximately half report additional eye deformities, autism, or intellectual disability.

Comparative statistical study of hourly precipitation determined by radar-based stage IV and ground-based methods in the North Central United States.

Unlabelled: Detailed hourly precipitation data are required for long-range modeling of dispersion and wet deposition of particulate matter and water-soluble pollutants using the CALPUFF model. In sparsely populated areas such as the north central United States, ground-based precipitation measurement stations may be too widely spaced to offer a complete and accurate spatial representation of hourly precipitation within a modeling domain. The availability of remotely sensed precipitation data by satellite and the National Weather Service array of next-generation radars (NEXRAD) deployed nationally provide an opportunity to improve on the paucity of data for these areas.

Histopathological and clinical findings in renal transplants with Banff type II and III acute cellular rejection without tubulointerstitial infiltrates.

According to the Banff guidelines for renal transplants, pure endothelialitis without any tubulointerstitial infiltrates (with the Banff components v ≥ 1, i0, t0) has to be called acute cellular rejection (ACR). The pathophysiology of this rare lesion abbreviated as v_only is currently unclear, as well as its clinical, serological, and prognostic implications. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective comparative study.

Hypoxia Induces Mesenchymal Gene Expression in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells: An in vitro Model of Kidney Transplant Fibrosis.

Background: The development of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy is a common complication after kidney transplantation and is associated with reduced long-term outcome. The hallmark of tubulointerstitial fibrosis is an increase in extracellular matrix resulting from exaggerated activation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, and tubular atrophy is characterized by a decrease in tubular diameter and loss of function. Atrophic epithelial cells may undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) with potential differentiation into interstitial fibroblasts.

Inhibition of membrane complement inhibitor expression (CD46, CD55, CD59) by siRNA sensitizes tumor cells to complement attack in vitro.

The efficacy of cancer-immunotherapy with complement-activating monoclonal antibodies is limited by over-expression of one or more membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs: CD46, CD55, CD59) on the surface of neoplastic cells. In this study we designed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for posttranscriptional gene knock down of CD46, CD55 and CD59 aiming at to sensitize tumor cells to complement attack and thereby to better exploit complement for tumor cell destruction. Tumor cell lines of different origin, such as Du145 (prostate), BT474 (breast) and K562 (erythroleukemia) were selected for the study.

Down-regulation of CD55 and CD46 expression by anti-sense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (S-ODNs) sensitizes tumour cells to complement attack.

Overexpression of one or more membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs) protects tumour cells against complement-mediated clearance by the autologous humoral immune response and is also considered as a barrier for successful immunotherapy with monoclonal anti-tumour antibodies. Neutralization of mCRPs by blocking antibodies, enzymatic removal or cytokine-mediated down-regulation has been shown to sensitize tumour cells to complement attack. In our study we applied, for the first time, anti-sense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (S-ODNs) to knock down the expression of the mCRPs CD55 and CD46 with the aim of exploiting complement more effectively for tumour cell damage.

Clinical vignette in antiretroviral therapy: jaundice.

HIV caregivers face many challenges following initiation of ART. The development of jaundice is uncommon but worrisome. In this case, two distinct and contrasting episodes of jaundice were observed.

Clinical vignette in antiretroviral therapy: rash illness.

This clinical vignette focuses on intercurrent illness following antiretroviral therapy and unexplained rash. It uses tables to identify specific highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-related adverse events, and to assist clinicians in interpreting cutaneous clinical findings in physiologic terms.

Clinical correlates to muscle biopsy findings in HIV patients experiencing fatigue: a case series.

Muscular fatigue may result from HIV infection, and may be associated with antiretroviral drug treatment. Clinical features linked to muscle biopsy findings may assist in determining etiology, and guide treatment decisions. This case series examined HIV patients in an ambulatory HIV clinic who received antiretroviral therapy, and complained of unexplained muscular fatigue.

Obstacles to cancer immunotherapy: expression of membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs) in tumors.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are being increasingly used in cancer therapy owing to their ability to recognize specifically cancer cells and to activate complement- and cell-mediated cytotoxicity and/or to induce growth arrest or apoptosis. The therapeutic potential of anticancer antibodies is significantly limited due to the ability of cancer cells to block killing by complement. Of the multiple resistance strategies exploited by cancer cells, the expression of membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs), such as CD46 (membrane cofactor protein (MCP)), CD55 (decay-accelerating factor (DAF)), CD35 (complement receptor type-1 (CR1)) and CD59, has received most attention.