Effects of E-Cigarette (e-cig) Aerosols on Mutagenesis in Selected Organs in a C57 (BigBlue) Mouse Model.

The objective of this study is to investigate the potential mutagenic effects of the exposure of mice to aerosols produced from the component liquids of an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS). The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) and ENDSs has increased tremendously over the past two decades. From what we know to date, ENDSs contain much lower levels of known carcinogens than tobacco smoke.

IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTION: A contemporary review of machine learning to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes from pharmaceuticals, including DDIs.

In Brief: Clinical drug trials often do not include pregnant people due to health risks; therefore, many medications have an unknown effect on the developing fetus. Machine learning QSAR models have been used successfully to predict the fetal risk of pharmaceutical use during pregnancy.

Abstract: Those undergoing pregnancy are often excluded from clinical drug trials due to the risk that participation would pose to their health and the health of the developing fetus.

Traffic-related air pollution in marginalized neighborhoods: a community perspective.

Objectives: Marginalized communities are exposed to higher levels of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) than the general population. TRAP exposure is linked to pulmonary toxicity, neurotoxicity, and cardiovascular toxicity often through mechanisms of inflammation and oxidative stress. Early life exposure to TRAP is also implicated in higher rates of asthma in these same communities.

E-Cigarette Exposure Alters Neuroinflammation Gene and Protein Expression in a Murine Model: Insights from Perinatally Exposed Offspring and Post-Birth Mothers.

The use of E-cigarettes, often considered a safer alternative to traditional smoking, has been associated with high rates of cellular toxicity, genetic alterations, and inflammation. Neuroinflammatory impacts of cigarette smoking during pregnancy have been associated with increased risks of adverse childhood health outcomes; however, it is still relatively unknown if the same propensity is conferred on offspring by maternal vaping during gestation. Results from our previous mouse inhalation studies suggest such a connection.

In vivo exposure to electronic waste (e-waste) leachate and hydraulic fracturing fluid adversely impacts the male reproductive system.

Human health effects can arise from unregulated manual disassembly of electronic waste (e-waste) and/or hydraulic fracturing fluid spills. There is limited literature on the effects of e-waste and hydraulic fracturing wastewater exposure on the male reproductive system. Thus, this proof-of-concept study begins to address the question of how wastewater from two potentially hazardous environmental processes could affect sperm quality.

Adverse Effects of Black Carbon (BC) Exposure during Pregnancy on Maternal and Fetal Health: A Contemporary Review.

Black carbon (BC) is a major component of ambient particulate matter (PM), one of the six Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Criteria air pollutants. The majority of research on the adverse effects of BC exposure so far has been focused on respiratory and cardiovascular systems in children. Few studies have also explored whether prenatal BC exposure affects the fetus, the placenta and/or the course of pregnancy itself.

Ex vivo toxicity of E-cigarette constituents on human placental tissues.

Globally, ∼50 % of women smoke during pregnancy and the prevalence of vaping is increasing among women of reproductive age. However, the health effects of vaping during pregnancy are largely unknown. This study examined the effects of e-cig constituents alone and in combination (propylene glycol [PG], vegetable glycerin [VG], and nicotine) on human placental tissue viability (MTT assay) and immunoassayed levels of placenta-derived biomarkers, i.

The Chemistry and Health Outcomes of Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Leachate: Exposure to E-Waste Is Toxic to Atlantic Killifish () Embryos.

Although there is rising global concern over the environmental, ecological, and human health risks associated with the discharge of leachates from e-waste dumpsites into the aquatic ecosystems, little is known in this research area. Thus, for this study, we first defined the chemistry of the test leachate, followed by assessment of the leachate on the development of a model aquatic organism () used extensively as a bioassay organism in pollution studies. Chemical analyses revealed that levels of phosphate (20.

Downregulation of Stem-Loop Binding Protein by Nicotine via α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Its Role in Nicotine-Induced Cell Transformation.

The use of electronic-cigarettes (e-cigs) has increased substantially in recent years, particularly among the younger generations. Liquid nicotine is the main component of e-cigs. Previous studies have shown that mice exposed to e-cig aerosols developed lung adenocarcinoma and bladder hyperplasia.

Longitudinal Impact of WTC Dust Inhalation on Rat Cardiac Tissue Transcriptomic Profiles.

First responders (FR) exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) Ground Zero air over the first week after the 9/11 disaster have an increased heart disease incidence compared to unexposed FR and the general population. To test if WTC dusts were causative agents, rats were exposed to WTC dusts (under isoflurane [ISO] anesthesia) 2 h/day on 2 consecutive days; controls received air/ISO or air only. Hearts were collected 1, 30, 240, and 360 d post-exposure, left ventricle total RNA was extracted, and transcription profiles were obtained.

A contemporary review of electronic waste through the lens of inhalation toxicology.

Inhalation is a significant route of exposure to toxic chemicals for electronic waste (e-waste) workers, especially for those whose activities take place in the informal sector. However, there remains a dearth of research on the health effects produced by the hazardous dismantling of e-waste and associated outcomes and biological mechanisms that occur as a result of inhalation exposure. This contemporary review highlights a number of the toxicological and epidemiological studies published on this topic to bring to light the many knowledge gaps that require further research, including and investigations to address the health outcomes and underlying mechanisms of inhaled e-waste-associated pulmonary disease.

Longitudinal impact on rat cardiac tissue transcriptomic profiles due to acute intratracheal inhalation exposures to isoflurane.

Isoflurane (ISO) is a widely used inhalation anesthetic in experiments with rodents and humans during surgery. Though ISO has not been reported to impart long-lasting side effects, it is unknown if ISO can influence gene regulation in certain tissues, including the heart. Such changes could have important implications for use of this anesthetic in patients susceptible to heart failure/other cardiac abnormalities.

Pyridoxine deficiency modulates benzene inhalation-induced hematotoxicity associated with hepatic CYP2E1 activity in BCF mice.

Pyridoxine is a co-factor in many enzymatic reactions and impacts of deficiency have been observed in affected populations. A possible modifying effect of pyridoxine deficiency on benzene toxicity was assessed in male BCF mice fed either a pyridoxine-deficient diet or a control diet. This treatment was combined with benzene inhalation exposure (100 ppm) or no benzene treatment.