PPAR agonists as add-on treatment with metformin in management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The combination of metformin and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) agonists offers a promising avenue for managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) through their potential complementary mechanisms of action. The results from randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the efficacy of PPAR agonists plus metformin versus metformin alone in T2D are inconsistent, which prompted the conduct of the systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception (1966) to March 2023 to identify all RCTs comparing any PPAR agonists plus metformin versus metformin alone in T2D.

Effects of combined treatment of probiotics and metformin in management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Lifestyle changes and dietary intervention, including the use of probiotics, can modulate dysbiosis of gut microbiome and contribute to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the efficacy of metformin plus probiotics versus metformin alone on outcomes in patients with T2DM.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to February 2023 to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which compared the use of metformin plus probiotics versus metformin alone in adult patients with T2DM.

Costs of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Background: The economic burden induced by all types of Diabetes mellitus (DM) and their complications has reached 1.8% of gross domestic product (GDP) globally. The economic burden of diabetes mellitus in Bosnia & Herzegovina (B&H) is still unknown.

Diabetes - a Consequence of COVID-19 Infection.

Background: COVID-19 infection has shown many complications on all organ systems, including the pancreas, during the acute phase of infection and in the post covid period.

Objective: Our goal was to compare the frequency of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the Outpatient Clinic "Srce Sarajeva", in the year before COVID-19, 2019, and during the COVID-19 infection, in 2020 and 2021. Our second goal was to monitor the incidence of diabetes after COVID-19 infection, the time of onset after the acute phase of the disease, and treatment options for individual patients depending on the value of glucose.

IDegLira Improves Metabolic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Previously Treated with Premix Insulin.

Background: IDegLira( fixed combination of GLP 1 receptor agonist and insulin) has been shown to be effective in improving the glucoregulation in patients previously treated with oral therapy as well as individual components, GLP-1 receptor agonist or basal insulin.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the parameters of metabolic control in patients treated with IDegLira who were previously treated with premix insulin in several daily doses and to compare them with patients whose premix insulin dose was increased.

Methods: The study included 100 patients who had been previously treated with two or three daily doses of premix insulin.

Mediterranean Diet and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Perpetual Inspiration for the Scientific World. A Review.

For the past 80 years, the effect of the Mediterranean diet on overall health has been a constant topic of interest among medical and scientific researchers. Parallel with the persistent global rise of cases of type 2 diabetes, many studies conducted in the past 20 years have shown the benefits of the Mediterranean lifestyle for people with, or at risk of developing, type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, despite the large body of evidence, concerns exist amongst scientists regarding the reliability of the data related to this topic.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Contemporary Clinical Approach.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent endocrine disease in women during the reproductive period. It is considered a complex metabolic disorder with long-term metabolic, as well as reproductive consequences. Main pathophysiological pathways are related to the increased androgen levels and insulin resistance.

Effects of TCF7L2 rs7903146 variant on metformin response in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The response to metformin, the most commonly used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), is highly variable. The common variant rs7903146 C>T within the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) is the strongest genetic risk factor associated with T2D to date. In this study, we explored the effects of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotype on metformin response in T2D.

Association of IRS1 genetic variants with glucose control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Background Previous studies reported conflicting results regarding association of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene variation with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance (IR) in different ethnic groups. We examined the association of rs7578326, rs2943641, and rs4675095 in the IRS1 gene with T2D and related traits in a population from Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is one of the European countries with the highest T2D prevalence of 12.5%.

Association of FTO Gene Variant (rs8050136) with Type 2 Diabetes and Markers of Obesity, Glycaemic Control and Inflammation.

Background: , a gene recently discovered in genomewide associated studies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), play an important role in the management of energy homeostasis, nucleic acid demethylation and regulation of body fat mass by lipolysis. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of rs8050136 A>C genetic variant with clinical and biochemical parameters of T2D in the population of West Balkan region (Bosnians and Herzegovinians and Kosovars).

Methods: The study included 638 patients with T2D and prediabetes and 360 healthy controls of both genders, aged from 40 to 65 years.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Poorly Controlled Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus(DM) is considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Having in mind concomitant occurence of diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors, it is expected that patients with poor glucoregulation will have more cardiovascular risk factors and higher cardiovascular risk than patients with good glucoregulation.

Aim: To compare cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular risk factors between patients with poorly controlled and patients with well-controlled Diabetes mellitus.

Incidence of prediabetes and risk of developing cardiovascular disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Our aim was to determine the incidence of prediabetes and risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This prospective, observational study included 148 women with PCOS, without Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and CVD present at baseline. In the fasting blood samples, we measured lipids, glucose, and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), steroids, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and parathyroid hormone.

Frequency of prediabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Introduction: In approximately 50-70% of all women with PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) may be found lower or higher degree insulin resistance, while insensitivity to insulin cells very likely contributes hyperandrogenaemia which is responsible for the symptoms and signs of PCOS. Insulin resistance, PCOS and prediabetes are linked.

Material And Methods: This research is retrospective-prospective, clinical, comparative and descriptive.

Evaluation of the association of vitamin D deficiency with gonadotropins and sex hormone in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Aim: To evaluate the association of vitamin D (VD) deficiency with gonadotropins and sex hormone in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: Of the total of 140 women, thirty obese and thirty nonobese, aged 20-40 years, were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were the women with normal level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium, and those who had not received any medication or VD supplementation within the last 6 months.

Evaluation of endocrine changes in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome during metformin treatment.

The aim of study was to evaluate endocrine changes in PCOS women during metformin treatment. One hundred women with PCOS, aged 20-40 years were included. A complete hormonal and metabolic pattern was recorded for each subject every 6 months.

Inflammatory markers in patients with hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus type 1.

Introduction: The accumulation of macrophages what happens in atherosclerotic process is associated with increased concentration of fibrinogen and CRP (C-reactive protein), and these two markers of inflammation are considered early signs of atherosclerosis.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare levels of inflammatory markers (CRP and fibrinogen) and HbAlc as a parameter of quarterly blood glucose control in patients with both diabetes mellitus type 1 and hypothyroidism who have ischemic heart disease with the patients with same autoimmune diseases, but without ischemic heart disease.

Patients And Methods: This prospective study included 30 patients who were all diagnosed with both hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus type 1.

Insulin resistance and lipid accumulation product in corelation to body mass index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Introduction: Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and metabolic disorders including: dyslipidaemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, gestational diabetes, type 2 diabetes, systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance in women with PCOS is significantly higher compared to the general population. Lipid accumulation product is a new, cheap and easily available predictor for metabolic syndrome both in general population and in women with PCOS.

The effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a new class of antihyperglycemic drugs that block degradation ofincretin hormones.

Goal: To assess the effects oftreatment with DPP-4 inhibitors on glucoregulation and body weight in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Patients And Methods: The study included 9 females and 9 males with type 2 diabetes (n=18), BMI=31.

The efficacy of octreotide LAR in acromegalic patients as primary or secondary therapy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of octreotide therapy in acromegalic patients as primary or secondary therapy.

Methods: Ten acromegalic patients diagnosed at the Endocrinology Clinic in Sarajevo (seven females and three males, mean age 55.2 ± 7.

Association of NAT2 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes in a population from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Background And Aims: N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a drug-metabolizing enzyme, which is genetically variable in human populations. Polymorphisms in the NAT2 gene have been associated with drug efficacy and toxicity as well as disease susceptibility. Recently, an association of NAT2 gene variation with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been suggested.

Evaluation of risk markers fluctuation during an initial therapy with rosiglitazon in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of hypoglycaemic drug-agonists of PPAR-gama receptors-rosiglitazone (Avandia,4 mg - Glaxo Smith Kline) on values of wide-spread risk - markers-fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and uric acid and glicolysated haemoglobin HbA1C as parameter of metabolic control .We included fourty patients with criteria for metabolic syndrome and evaluated results into groups of diabetic and prediabetic patients according to criteria of IDF (International Diabetic Federation)These risk markers and glicolysated haemoglobin HbA1C were observed at the start of therapy, then after four, eight and twelve weeks and results were compared and statistically calculated. Three months initial therapy with rosiglitazone significantly reduced values of HbA1C, fibrinogen and CRP but not uric acid in prediabetic patients.

The statins in prevention of coronary heart diseases in type 2 diabetics.

Unlabelled: We aimed to determine whether the administration of statins to type 2 diabetics without pre-existing CHD reduced the incidence of CHD and their effects on cholesterol and CRP levels. All the participants were carefully interviewed, clinically examined, and laboratory tested to exclude conditions likely to provoke an inflammatory response that was an exclusion criterion.

Exclusion Criteria: Serious heart, liver or kidney problems, history of renal transplant, recent history of drug or alcohol abuse, HbA1c>10%, blood pressure >140/90 mmHg, BMI >35 kg/m2, triglycerides >3,0 mmol/dm3.

Impact of diet, physical activity, lipid status and glycoregulation in estimation of score (systematic coronary risk evaluation) for ten years in postmenopausal women.

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in women, although lower than in men, increases dramatically after the menopause. Diabetes mellitus is a more powerful predictor of CHD risk and prognosis in women than in men. The aim of this study was to promote diet and physical activity (PA) regimen in order to decrease coronary risk in next years in postmenopausal women with impaired glucose tolerance.

The effects of treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism on metabolic control and hyperinsulinemia.

We examined the effects of treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) on metabolic control and hyperinsulinemia. The study included 53 patients ages 53.42+/-3.