Advances in protein subunit vaccines against H1N1/09 influenza.

The A/H1N1pdm09 influenza virus, which caused the 2009 pandemic, has since become a recurring strain in seasonal influenza outbreaks. Given the ongoing threat of influenza, protein subunit vaccines have garnered significant attention for their safety and effectiveness. This review seeks to highlight the latest developments in protein subunit vaccines that specifically target the A/H1N1pdm09 virus.

Cable-Car Electrocatalysis to Drive Fully Decoupled Water Splitting.

The increasing demand for clean energy conversion and storage has increased interest in hydrogen production via electrolytic water splitting. However, the simultaneous production of hydrogen and oxygen in this process poses a challenge in extracting pure hydrogen without using ionic conducting membranes. Researchers have developed various innovative designs to overcome this issue, but continuous water splitting in separated tanks remains a desirable approach.

Continuous Roll-to-Roll Production of Carbon Nanoparticles from Candle Soot.

Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have been considered as essential components for various applications including sensors, quantum dots, electrocatalysts, energy storages, lubrication, and functional coatings. Uniform and functional CNP materials can be obtained from candle soot. However, the production of CNPs from candle soot is not a continuous process, limiting the practical production and applications of such materials.

Ice as Solid Electrolyte To Conduct Various Kinds of Ions.

Water, considered as a universal solvent to dissolve salts, has been extensively studied as liquid electrolyte in electrochemical devices. The water/ice phase transition at around 0 °C presents a common phenomenon in nature, however, the chemical and electrochemical behaviors of ice have rarely been studied. Herein, we discovered that the ice phase provides efficient ionic transport channels and therefore can be applied as generalized solid-state ionic conductor.