[(THE CURRENT SITUATION OF DIPHYLLOBOTHRIASIS: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE)].

The paper analyzes the etiology of diphyllobothriasis pathogens and their distribution in the world. It estimates the infection rate of the population with tapeworms, the value of different fish species and procedures for their cooking as factors for transmission of Diphyllobothrium to the population and the risk for infection with tapeworms through infected foods. Epidemiological surveillance measures in different (synanthropic and natural) foci of diphyllobothriasis and with various types of pathogens are considered.

[A local case of acute opisthorchiasis in the Moscow Region].

The paper describes a case of acute opisthorchiasis in a 31-year-old female patient after ingestion of dried fish of the family Cyprinidae caught in the Oka River basin on the border of the Moscow and Ryazan Regions. This case could convince of that there was a risk of human Opisthorchis infection despite the zoonotic pattern of circulation of the pathogen in European Russia. The dietary intake of unsterilized fish of the family Cyprinidae caught in the Moscow and neighboring regions may give rise to Opisthorchis invasion and, it a large infectious dose, to acute opisthorchiasis.

[Social bases for the functioning of nanophyetiasis foci in the Amur region].

Parasitological examination of the population of the Amur Region has revealed that the nanophyetiasis foci affecting as high as 28.4% of the people are being preserved and functioning now; at the same time the highest rates of infection with the trematode Nanophyetus salmincola schikhobalowi are seen in the dwellers of the populated areas situated on the banks of the mountain Amur tributaries. It has been ascertained that the major season when the population is infected with Nanophyetus is summer and its highest incidence are noted in autumn (November) after the active fishing season is completed.

[Extraenteric infection caused by Blastocystis spp. in a female patient with liver abscess].

The cases associated with the development of liver abscesses in a 64-year-old female patient after elective surgery for colon polyposis could form an opinion that extraenteric infection caused by Blastocystis spp. might develop in the immunocompromised host. The development of Blastocystis spp.

[Assessment of Nanophyetus salmincola schikhobalowl (Skrjiabin et Podjiapolskaja, 1931) infestation of salmonlike fishes in the rivers of the Khabarovsk Territory].

Parasitological investigations of 529 specimens of 7 fish species from the water basins of the Khabarovsk Territory in 2009-2013 revealed the high extensity (11.7 to 100%) and intensity (as many as 9341 larvae per fish) of invasion with N. s.

[Tourism, imported parasitic diseases, and their prevention].

The paper gives the results of observations of 1558 patients before and after tourist travels to tropical countries and 368 individuals visiting the north areas of the Russian Federation. Different conditions (malaria, amebiasis, leishmaniasis, intestinal and tissue helminthiasis, insect bites, venomous fish pricks, medusa burn, tick bites, etc.) were found in 402 persons.

[The procedure for the wide use of praziquantel in a complex of measures to control opisthorchiasis. 2. The tolerance and efficacy of Russian-made azinox in mass treatment in foci].

Whether the Russian praziquantel analog azinox can be widely used in the foci of opisthorchiasis was first assessed. The outpatient treatment of 7405 patients with the agent in doses of 30, 40, 60 mg/kg body weight revealed that azinox tolerance did not depend upon the intensity and degree of clinical infection signs but it was slightly worse when a dose of 60 mg/kg was given. Children virtually showed no adverse reactions, in adults their frequency was no more than 52 +/- 1.

[The procedure for the wide use of praziquantel in a complex of measures to control opisthorchiasis. 1. The tolerance and efficacy of different doses of biltricide during outpatient use in foci].

The results of wide uses of praziquantel (bilthricide, Bayer, Merck) to treat 2,440 persons in the outpatient setting of the endemic foci of opisthorchiasis in Tomsk Province suggest that the agent is highly effective (on the average of 97%) and well tolerable. There are no great differences in the efficiency of treatment, the frequency and magnitude of adverse reactions during out- and inpatient treatments. There are no either basic differences in the efficacy of praziquantel doses of 30, 40, and 60 mg used in the treatment of patients with Opisthorchis infection in whom 1 to 1.

[The epidemiological efficacy of opisthorchiasis control measures in Dnieper River basin foci].

The authors assess the epidemiologic efficacy of wide-scale antiopisthorchiasis measures taken in the basin of the Dnepr River in 1984-1990. The structure of the population morbidity and the time course of this morbidity under the effect of a complex of measures taken were analyzed in low-, medium, and highly-endemic foci of the disease. Hygienic education and adequate detection and treatment of the invaded subjects were found to be the principal factors contributing to sanitation of the population.

[The structure of the nosogeographic range of opisthorchiasis in the Ob-Irtysh basin].

Results of our own investigations and available data in the literature concerning the epidemiology of opisthorchiasis in Ob-Irtysh river basin have been gathered, and geographic ranging have been established. The prevalence of infection, children's infection rate, the intensity of infection and clinical manifestation rate have been suggested as a criterion for division of territories into areas. 4 degrees of endemia was established: areas with sporadic incidence rate (prevalence is less than 1%); hyperendemic (prevalence 1-10%, intensity of infection 1-20 egg/gr.

[The prognosis of the diphyllobothriasis situation in water reservoirs under construction (the Adyche and Sakhalin reservoirs)].

The investigations conducted in the construction area of Adyche and Sakhalin water reservoirs made it possible to work out the prognosis for the changes in the situation on diphyllobothriasis. In the area of Adyche water reservoir the population invasion with D. latum is likely to increase, while in the area of Sakhalin water reservoir the situation on D.

[The characteristics of the circulation of the causative agent of opisthorchiasis in the tributaries of the Ob].

Opisthorchiasis morbidity is reviewed in the area of the Vasyugan River, an Ob tributary. Intermediate hosts have been found in 3 settlements situated at various distances from the ostium. The infestation of intermediate and additional hosts with Opisthorchis larvae is investigated.

[Effect of the hybridization of Schistosoma mansoni strains on the degree of compatibility of the parthenitae with their mollusk intermediate hosts].

After-effects of hybridization of S. mansoni strains, having Biomphalaria pfeifferi as an intermediate host, have been revealed for the first time. The crossing of two african strains (malarial-M and guinea-G), which have different compatibility rates with their specific intermediate hosts, has shown that hybrids display a higher virulence in respect to molluscs-hosts than maternal strains.

[Comparative efficiency of infecting laboratory animals via intravenous and subcutaneous administration of Schistosoma mansoni cercaria].

Comparative study on effectiveness of intravenous and subcutaneous methods of infection of animals has shown that infection rate of helminths after the injection of equal dozes of cercariae under skin, into portal and femoral veins of golden hamsters does not differ significantly (42.6 +/- 4.2, 37.

[Laboratory animal infection in modeling intestinal schistosomiasis].

A comparative efficiency of different regimes for infecting laboratory animals has been determined in order to find out optimal conditions under which an experimental model of intestinal schistosomiasis (infection with Schistosoma mansoni) can be maintained. When evaluating the results of laboratory definitive hosts infection we took into account the character of Schistosoma distribution in animals, which with high probability rate was modelled by means of negative binomial distribution. The main parameters of this distribution were used for determination of effective doses and methods of animals infection alongside with generally accepted indices of infection rate and intensiveness.

[Method for the individual maintenance of mollusks infected with Schistosoma larvae in a thermostatic apparatus].

A technique has been suggested for individual maintenance of intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, molluscs of the genus Biomphalaria, in thermostat water bath with thermoregulator in order to study the host-parasite relationships in the mollusc-trematode system. Advantages of the suggested technique have been shown for studying total production of Cercaria when estimating the compatibility degree of various strains of S. mansoni and races of molluscs of some species of the genus Biomphalaria.