Synergistic Effect of Alumina Nanoparticles and 3-Armed Glyceryl Lactate Additives on Biodiesel Cold Flow Properties, IC Engine Performance, and Emission Characteristics.

The energy demand of future generations cannot be realized by fossil fuel resources due to their exhaustible nature and the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel is a potential renewable energy that can replace petro-diesel. However, it is required to improve cold flow properties, engine performance, and emission characteristics of biodiesel.