The effect of granulocyte colony stimulating factor on genotoxicity in allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation donors: a prospective case-control study.

Background: Every year, thousands of donors are exposed to granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for stem cell mobilization in hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT). Previous studies about the genotoxicity of G-CSF were inconclusive. In this study, the genotoxic effects of G-CSF in peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) donors were evaluated prospectively by using three different validated and reliable methods for the first time in the literature to the best of our knowledge.

Influence of MRP1 G1666A and GSTP1 Ile105Val genetic variants on the urinary and blood arsenic levels of Turkish smelter workers.

To understand the cellular mechanisms responsible for arsenic metabolism and transport pathways plays a fundamental role in order to prevent the arsenic-induced toxicity. The effect of MRP1 G1666A and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms on blood and urinary arsenic levels were determined in 95 Turkish smelter workers. Blood and urinary arsenic concentrations were measured by GF-AAS with Zeeman correction and gene polymorphisms were investigated by PCR-RFLP method.

Association between delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase polymorphism and placental lead levels.

Lead inhibits the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity and results in neurotoxic aminolevulinic acid accumulation in the blood. During pregnancy, lead in the maternal blood can easily cross the placenta. The aim of this study was to determine whether the maternal ALAD G177C polymorphism (rs1800435) was related to the placental lead levels.

Does maternal MDR1 C1236T polymorphism have an effect on placental arsenic levels?

To detect whether maternal MDR1 C1236T polymorphism has an effect on placental arsenic levels, 112 mother-placenta pairs were examined. Venous blood samples from mothers were collected to investigate the C1236T polymorphism which was detected by standard PCR-RFLP technique. Placentas were collected to measure arsenic levels by GF-AAS.

Does maternal VDR FokI single nucleotide polymorphism have an effect on lead levels of placenta, maternal and cord bloods?

Introduction: Individual susceptibility due to genetic variations appears to be an important factor in lead toxicity. As lead, ubiquitous atmospheric pollutant, behaves very similarly to calcium, gene polymorphisms in proteins involved in calcium homeostasis can affect lead toxicokinetics. Vitamin D receptor (VDR), a DNA-binding transcription factor, activates genes that encode proteins involved in calcium metabolism.

Maternal hemochromatosis gene H63D single-nucleotide polymorphism and lead levels of placental tissue, maternal and umbilical cord blood.

Human hemochromatosis protein (HFE), a major histocompatibility complex class I-like integral membrane protein, participates in the down regulation of intestinal iron absorption by binding to transferrin receptor (TR). HFE competes with transferrin-bound iron for the TR and thus reduces uptake of iron into cells. On the other hand, a lack of HFE increases the intestinal absorption of iron similarly to iron deficiency associated with increasing in absorption and deposition of lead.

The evaluation of arsenic and cadmium levels in biological samples of cases with lung cancer.

Introduction: Chronic exposure to the toxic metals plays an important role among the causes of lung cancer beside of smoking. We aimed to evaluate the association between the histopathologic type of lung cancer and arsenic and cadmium levels in biological samples.

Materials And Methods: This study in a single center was conducted through the years 2009-2013, including 72 patients with lung cancer, within a prospective study design.

Evaluation of the effect of divalent metal transporter 1 gene polymorphism on blood iron, lead and cadmium levels.

Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), a member of the proton-coupled metal ion transporter family, mediates transport of ferrous iron from the lumen of the intestine into the enterocyte and export of iron from endocytic vesicles. It has an affinity not only for iron but also for other divalent cations including manganese, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc. DMT1 is encoded by the SLC11a2 gene that is located on chromosome 12q13 in humans and express four major mammalian isoforms (1A/+IRE, 1A/-IRE, 2/+IRE and 2/-IRE).

Evaluation of DNA damage using 3 comet assay parameters in workers occupationally exposed to lead.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between DNA damage and blood lead levels in individuals occupationally exposed to lead. To evaluate this association, 61 workers exposed to lead were monitored in terms of DNA damage in blood lymphocytes. The levels of DNA damage were measured according to 3 comet assay parameters, including tail intensity (TI), tail moment (TM), and DNA tail (DNAt).

Association of cadmium but not arsenic levels in lung cancer tumor tissue with smoking, histopathological type and stage.

Background: To evaluate association of lung cancer with arsenic and cadmium levels measured in tumor tissue.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-five patients with lung cancer tumor tissue obtained surgically were included in this study. Arsenic and cadmium levels were measured and levels of metals were compared among types of lung cancer and with reference to patient data.

An association between polymorphism of the NADH/NADPH oxidase p22phox (phagocyte oxidase) subunit and aging in Turkish population.

Background And Aims: Aging is a complex and multifactorial process that is stimulated by a number of factors including genes and life-style. It is thought that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the face of antioxidant enzymes and molecules is related to aging and age-related diseases. NAD(P)H oxidase system is the predominant cellular source of ROS, and p22phox, the major component of that system, is essential for the activation of NAD(P)H oxidase.

Lymphocyte DNA damage in Turkish asphalt workers detected by the comet assay.

Asphalt has a highly complex structure and it contains several organic compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds. In this study, comet assay was used to detect the DNA damage in blood lymphocytes of 30 workers exposed to asphalt fumes and 30 nonexposed controls. This is the first report on Turkish asphalt workers' investigated DNA damage using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE).

Effect of paraoxonase 1 192 Q/R polymorphism on paraoxonase and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activities in a Turkish population exposed to organophosphate.

Organophosphate (OP) compounds are the most commonly used pesticide groups and they are commercially used in the market for local and industrial purposes. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme plays an important role in biotransformation of OP compounds, which shows toxic effects via inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of PON1 gene polymorphism and its effects on PON and AChE enzyme activities in individuals who were exposed to organophosphorus insecticides due to occupational reasons, and to profile the probability of susceptibility to organophosphorus compounds.

The effects of metallothionein 2A polymorphism on lead metabolism: are pregnant women with a heterozygote genotype for metallothionein 2A polymorphism and their newborns at risk of having higher blood lead levels?

Objectives: Numerous studies indicate that certain genetic polymorphisms modify lead toxicokinetics. Metallothioneins are protective against the toxicity of many metals, including lead. The aim of this study was to determine whether the maternal metallothionein 2A (MT2A) -5 A/G single-nucleotide polymorphism is related to the lead levels in maternal blood, placental tissue and cord blood in 91 pregnant women and their newborns.

Effects of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) polymorphism on toxic metal and trace element levels in placental tissues.

The placenta is a crucial organ of fetal origin that functions in providing nutrients to the fetus from the mother. During pregnancy, the need for essential micronutrients, such as Fe and Zn, increases due to the requirements of the growing fetus. Maternal Fe deficiency induces an increase in Cu levels and can also affect cytokine levels in the placenta.

Relationship between toll-like receptor 8 gene polymorphisms and pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objectives: Genetic variants in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are considered a potential indicator for host susceptibility to and outcome of several infectious diseases including tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether -129 C/G and Met1Val polymorphisms of TLR8 were associated with pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis in Turkish population.

Methods: The -129 C/G and Met1Val polymorphisms were studied in 124 children with pulmonary tuberculosis compared to 150 age-matched healthy control subjects.

The potential effect of metallothionein 2A -5A/G single nucleotide polymorphism on blood cadmium, lead, zinc and copper levels.

Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins. Because of their rich thiol groups, MTs bind to the biologically essential metals and perform these metals' homeostatic regulations; absorb the heavy metals and assist with their transportation and extraction. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the metallothionein 2A (MT2A) core promoter region -5 A/G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu levels in the blood samples.

Importance of NOD2/CARD15 gene variants for susceptibility to and outcome of sepsis in Turkish children.

Objective: Severe sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Given the link to pathogenesis, polymorphisms in genes involved in infection and inflammation may influence the outcomes in patients with sepsis and septic shock. The role of mutations within the innate immunity receptor NOD2/CARD15 has recently been demonstrated as a risk factor for bacteremia and mortality in adult patients with sepsis.

Role of interleukin-6 -174 G/C promoter polymorphism in trace metal levels of autopsy kidney and liver tissues.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene is a multifunctional cytokine which is expressed in lymphocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages, in response to different types of inflammatory stimuli. IL-6 also controls induction and expression of metallothioneins (MTs) which maintain homeostasis of zinc and copper. In human, IL-6 gene is located on chromosome 7p21 and -174 G/C polymorphism located in its promoter region.

The effects of metallothionein 2A polymorphism on placental cadmium accumulation: Is metallothionein a modifiying factor in transfer of micronutrients to the fetus?

Metallothionein affects the metabolism, transport and storage of micronutrients such as zinc, copper and iron, and the detoxification of heavy metals, especially cadmium. Cd is a common, highly toxic environmental pollutant that accumulates in human placenta, elevated concentrations of which are associated with impaired zinc transfer to the fetus. This prospective study investigated the effects of metallothionein 2A (MT2A) -5 A/G single nucleotide polymorphism on the accumulation of Cd in human placenta and micronutrient transfer to the fetus in 95 pregnant women and their newborns.

Arg753Gln polymorphism of the human Toll-like receptor 2 gene from infection to disease in pediatric tuberculosis.

The aim of this study is to examine the occurrence of the Arg753Gln polymorphism of the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene in Turkish children with pulmonary and/or extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease compared with that in healthy children with latent TB infection (LTBI) and to assess the risk of progression from LTBI to active TB disease in children. The Arg753Gln polymorphism of the TLR2 gene was studied in 198 TB patients compared with 200 ethnically and age-matched children with LTBI. The culture confirmed TB patients were more frequently Arg753Gln heterozygous [odds ratio (OR) 5.

Distributions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter and metallothionein 2A (MT2A) core promoter region gene polymorphisms and their associations with aging in Turkish population.

Aging is determined as the product of an interaction among genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. As interleukin-6 (IL-6) and metallothioneins (MTs) are related to inflammation and oxidative stress response, their genes are appropriate candidate for aging, age related diseases and infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the IL-6 -174 G/C promoter region and MT2A -5 A/G core promoter region single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with longevity in Turkish population.

Genotype and allele frequencies of divalent metal transporter 1 polymorphism in Turkish population.

Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1 also known as DCT1, NRAMP2 or SCL11A2) is a membrane-bound divalent metal transporter which is conserved from prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes. It has been postulated to play important roles in intestinal iron absorption at the brush border of duodenal enterocytes, erythroid iron utilization, hepatic iron accumulation, placental iron transfer, and other processes. DMT1 gene which contains at least four isoforms (1A/+IRE, 1A/-IRE, 2/+IRE and 2/-IRE) is located on chromosome 12q13 in human.

Polymorphism in the p2x7 gene increases susceptibility to extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Turkish children.

The P2X7 gene polymorphisms have been linked to increased risk for pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in some populations. In this study, the genotype and allelic frequencies 1513A-->C variant within the P2X7 gene was significantly higher than in the healthy controls (P = 0.035, P = 0.

Distribution of ADH1B, ALDH2, CYP2E1 *6, and CYP2E1 *7B genotypes in Turkish population.

The most well-known metabolic pathways from ethanol to acetaldehyde include alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system that involves cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). Acetaldehyde is further oxidized to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The genetic variation of ADH1B, ALDH2, and CYP2E1 is different among racial populations and cause difference in elimination rates of alcohol.