Designable Electrochemiluminescence Patterning for Renewable and Enhanced Bioimaging.

Electrochemical imaging enables an in-depth analysis of the interface heterogeneity and reaction kinetics of single entities. However, electrode passivation during electrochemical reactions decreases the active sites and harms the long-term stability. Here, we introduce a method using laser-induced photothermal effects to restore the electrochemical activity, which is particularly displayed as enhanced micrometric patterns in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy.

Site-selective heat boosting electrochemiluminescence for single cell imaging.

visualization of local electrochemical reactions provides mechanical insights into the dynamic transport of interfacial charge and reactant/product. Electrochemiluminescence is a crossover technique that quantitatively determines Faraday current and mass transport in a straightforward manner. However, the sensitivity is hindered by the low collision efficiency of radicals and side reactions at high voltage.

An In Situ Investigation of the Protein Corona Formation Kinetics of Single Nanomedicine Carriers by Self-Regulated Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy.

Protein coronas are present extensively at the bio-nano interface due to the natural adsorption of proteins onto nanomaterials in biological fluids. Aside from the robust property of nanoparticles, the dynamics of the protein corona shell largely define their chemical identity by altering interface properties. However, the soft coronas are normally complex and rapidly changing.

In Situ Ultrasound Irradiation for Regulating the Electrochemiluminescence Intensity and Layer.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has manifested a surface-confined emitting character and a low light background occurring near the electrode surface. However, the luminescence intensity and emitting layer are limited by the slow mass diffusion rate and electrode fouling in a stationary electrolyte. To address this problem, we developed an in situ strategy to flexibly regulate the ECL intensity and layer thickness by introducing an ultrasound (US) probe to the ECL detector and microscope.

A Close Look at Mechanism, Application, and Opportunities of Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a typical luminescence process triggered by electrochemical reactions. Due to the separated signal types, ECL measurements have some merits of high sensitivity, low background, and simple configuration. Coupled with a microscopy setup, ECL microscopy (ECLM) has the unique characteristics of ECL and is also furnished with spatiotemporal resolution.

A temperature-tuned electrochemiluminescence layer for reversibly imaging cell topography.

Investigating electrochemiluminescence (ECL) scenarios under different temperatures is important to expand its imaging scope near an electrode surface. Here, we develop a temperature-tuned ECL layer by recording the evolution of shadow regions of adherent cells. Finite element simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the thickness of the ECL layer (TEL) is reversibly regulated by electrode temperature ( ), so that single cell topography at different heights is imaged.

Adapting and Remolding: Orchestrating Tumor Microenvironment Normalization with Photodynamic Therapy by Size Transformable Nanoframeworks.

Abnormal tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitates tumor proliferation and metastasis and establishes physiological barriers for effective transport of therapeutics inside the tumor, posing great challenges for cancer treatment. We designed a core-satellite size transformable nanoframework (denoted as T-PFRT) that can synchronously adapt to and remold TME for augmenting photodynamic therapy to inhibit tumor growth and prevent tumor metastasis. Upon matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-responsive dissociation of the nanoframework in TME, the core structure loaded with TGFβ signaling pathway inhibitor and oxygen-carrying hemoglobin aims to stroma remodeling and hypoxia relief, allowing photosensitizer-encapsulated satellite particles to penetrate to deep-seated tumor for oxygen-fueled photodynamic therapy.

Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Mediated Tosyloxylation of 4-Hydroxycoumarins.

An efficient approach was developed for synthesis of 3-tosyloxy-4-hydroxycoumarins under mild conditions by using Koser's reagents. The reaction tolerated various functional groups, and the products served as useful aromatic building blocks. Additionally, a plausible mechanism via iodonium ylide was proposed, and the oral anticoagulant Warfarin was synthesized in good yield.