Soil toxicity, biochemical and histopathological alterations of the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) liver at Sharkia province, Egypt, under soil pollution.

The residual concentration of pesticides and heavy metals (arsenic, mercury, selenium, lead, cadmium, and aluminum) was measured in the soil and the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) liver from two localities at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The pesticide residues have taken the following pattern: chlorpyrifos > metalaxyl > piperonyl butoxide > thiophanate-methyl, in the soil. The residual concentration of pesticides was greater in the soil at Kafr El-Ashraf village (agricultural site) than at El-Qanayat city (garbage site) during the summer season of 2021 compared with the winter season of 2022.

Ecological and oral toxicity assessment of urea and camphor oil against rats.

Background: One of the most challenging pests to control is the wild rat (), which poses serious risks to both human health and the economy. Fertilizers are a more recent method of pest management with various action modes and are considered safe control agents when applied at low doses.

Aim: The present study aimed to examine the toxicological impacts of the contaminated water with urea and camphor oil individually, post-treatment of rats with camphor oil after the pre-treatment with urea and post-treatment of rats with urea mixed with camphor oil after urea pre-treatment against the wild rats ().