The molecular fingerprint of neuroinflammation in COVID-19: A comprehensive discussion on molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation due to SARS-COV2 antigens.

Background And Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 attacks the neural system directly and indirectly via various systems, such as the nasal cavity, olfactory system, and facial nerves. Considering the high energy requirement, lack of antioxidant defenses, and high amounts of metal ions in the brain, oxidative damage is very harmful to the brain. Various neuropathic pain conditions, neurological disorders, and neuropsychiatric complications were reported in Coronavirus disease 2019, prolonged Coronavirus disease 2019, and after Coronavirus disease 2019 immunization.

Regulatory factors involved in Th17/Treg cell balance of immune thrombocytopenia.

Immune thrombocytopenia is a common heterogeneous autoimmune disease that is characterized by decreasing peripheral blood platelet counts and increasing risk of bleeding. Studies have shown that an imbalance between T helper 17 (Th17) and Regulatory T (Treg) cells differentiated from CD4T-cells is a key factor influencing the development and pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia. Th17 cells promote the development of chronic inflammatory disorders and induce autoimmune diseases, whereas Treg cells regulate immune homeostasis and prevent autoimmune diseases.

COVID-19: imbalance of multiple systems during infection and importance of therapeutic choice and dosing of cardiac and anti-coagulant therapies.

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its metabolites play an important role in homeostasis of body, especially the cardiovascular system. In this study, we discuss the imbalance of multiple systems during the infection and the importance of therapeutic choice, dosing, and laboratory monitoring of cardiac and anti-coagulant therapies in COVID-19 patients. The crosstalk between angiotensin, kinin-kallikrein system, as well as inflammatory and coagulation systems plays an essential role in COVID-19.

Anti-inflammatory Action of Statins in Cardiovascular Disease: the Role of Inflammasome and Toll-Like Receptor Pathways.

Atherosclerosis is one type of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in which activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways is implicated. One of the most effective treatments for atherosclerosis is the use of statin medications. Recent studies have indicated that statins, in addition to their lipid-lowering effects, exert inhibitory and/or stimulatory effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLRs.

Potential Mechanism and Pathways in Cerebral Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury: Therapeutic GLANCE.

Abtract Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is a progressive disease that results in the lack of oxygen and nutrients needed for cellular metabolism in neurons due to blood flow disorders. The pathogenesis of this disease is different; however, it has been shown that the onset of inflammation interacts with I/R through the production of active oxygen species and increases the apoptosis of the neural cells. Therefore, different signaling pathways interfere with the induction of inflammation and the production of active oxygen species.

Dose HLA-B5, 7, 8, 27, and 51 Antigens Associated to Behcet's disease? A Study in Southwestern Iran.

Background: Behcet's disease is a potentially life threatening autoimmune disease with recurrent ulcers and unknown pathogenesis. Gender and human leukocyte antigen-B51 seem to have an effective role in the clinical features of the disease.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of HLA-B5, 7, 8, 27 and 51 in behçet's disease in southwestern Iranian patients who visited the rheumatology clinic and to find the association between these HLA types and the disease.

The effect of lupus disease on the pregnant women and embryos: a retrospective study from 2010 to 2014.

Background And Aims: Pregnancy in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the challenges of recent studies. Women should prevent the onset of relapses with medications before and after pregnancy, and on the other hand, the effect of these medicines considers the health and development of the fetus. In this retrospective study, the effects of anti-phospholipid syndrome and the use of common drugs such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, and azathioprine and their side effects on maternal health and ultimately the development of the fetus have been investigated.

Neutropenia and leukemia development: genetic risk factors and prognosis.

Neutropenia is known as a clinical consequence in various genetic disorders and other neutropenia-inducing mutations (NIM) nonmalignant diseases. Leukemia development is now a major concern about the mortality of patients with congenital neutropenia. We searched the PubMed database and Google Scholar engine using English-language article (1980-2019) using the terms 'Neutropenia,' 'Leukemia,' 'Mutation,' and 'Polymorphism.

An Update on the Tissue Renin Angiotensin System and Its Role in Physiology and Pathology.

In its classical view, the renin angiotensin system (RAS) was defined as an endocrinesystem involved in blood pressure regulation and body electrolyte balance. However, the emergingconcept of tissue RAS, along with the discovery of new RAS components, increased thephysiological and clinical relevance of the system. Indeed, RAS has been shown to be expressed invarious tissues where alterations in its expression were shown to be involved in multiple diseasesincluding atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and renal fibrosis.

Flip-flops of natural killer cells in autoimmune diseases versus cancers: Immunologic axis.

Natural killer (NK) cells play an essential role in the immune response to infections, inflammations, and malignancies. Recent studies suggest that NK cell surface receptors and cytokines are the key points of the disease development and protection. We hypothesized that the interactions between NK cell receptors and targeted cells construct an eventual niche, and this niche has an eventual profile in various autoimmune diseases and cancers.

Evaluating the Relationship Between Serum Level of Interleukin-6 and Rheumatoid Arthritis Severity and Disease Activity.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum level and the severity and activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 RA patients referred to the rheumatology clinic, the patients were diagnosed by rheumatologists according to ACR / EULAR 2010 criteria. Based on DAS28 score the patients were divided into 4 groups: Remission, Mild, Moderate and Severe.

Pentraxin Level is the Key to Determine Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) or Fibrinolysis.

Aims: To examine if pentraxin can help identify patients benefitting most from primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) vs. fibrinolysis.

Methods: Patients with acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) were consecutively recruited from a community center without PCI and a tertiary center with PCI facilities.

Metformin one in a Million Efficient Medicines for Rheumatoid Arthritis Complications: Inflammation, Osteoblastogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, Malignancies.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a widespread autoimmune disease and inflammation and bone destruction are two main issues in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To discussing metformin effects on rheumatoid arthritis complications.

Methods: We conducted a narrative literature search including clinical trials, experimental studies on laboratory animals and cell lines.

What Genetics Tells us about Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetic Patients?

Background: Long-term diabetes causes other disease development such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Objective: Genetics can help us to predict cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients.

Method And Search Strategy: We searched PubMed and Google scholar for the terms: Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes, Polymorphism, Genetics from 2000 to 2017, and then included the relevant studies in our study.