Quetiapine attenuates cadmium neurotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyroptosis.

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with extremely harmful toxic effects on the brain. Quetiapine (QTP) has unique neuroprotective effects with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. However, its neuroprotective effect against Cd-induced neurotoxicity has not been previously studied.

Calcium Activation of the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cells.

Background: Although prostate cancer patients initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy, most patients progress to a resistant phenotype. Castration resistance is due, in part, to intratumoral and/or adrenal synthesis of androgens, overexpression or mutation of the androgen receptor (AR), stabilization of AR by chaperones, and ligand-independent activation of AR. Increasing evidence also links disruption of calcium homeostasis to progression of prostate cancer.

Nrf2/HO-1 as a therapeutic target in renal fibrosis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases and affects between 10 and 14 % of the world's population. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2040, the disease will be fifth in prevalence. End-stage CKD is characterized by renal fibrosis, which can eventually lead to kidney failure and death.

Baicalin and lung diseases.

Studies focusing on natural products have been conducted worldwide, and the results suggest that their natural ingredients effectively treat a wide range of illnesses. Baicalin (BIA) is a glycoside derived from the flavonoid baicalein present in Scutellaria baicalensis of the Lamiaceae family. Interestingly, BIA has been shown to protect the lungs in several animal models used in numerous studies.

Walnut Kernel Oil and Defatted Extracts Enhance Mesenchymal Stem Cell Stemness and Delay Senescence.

Decreased stemness and increased cellular senescence impair the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renew themselves, change into different cell types, and contribute to regenerative medicine. There is an urgent need to discover new compounds that can boost MSCs' stemness and delay senescence. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of walnut kernel oil (WKO) and defatted (WKD) extracts on bone marrow (BM)-MSC stemness and senescence.

Buspirone attenuated methotrexate-induced hippocampal toxicity in rats by regulating Nrf2/HO-1, PPAR-γ, NF-κB/nNOS, and ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathways.

Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used to treat a variety of tumors. Nonetheless, MTX-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity is a well-defined dose-limiting adverse effect that limits clinical utility. Proinflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress are possible mechanisms for MTX-induced neurotoxicity.

Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anticancer Effects of Camel Milk Exosomes: An In Vitro Study.

Camel milk (CM) has potent antibacterial and antifungal effects and camel milk exosomes (CM-EXO) have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of a large variety of cancer cells including HepaRG, MCF7, Hl60, and PANC1. However, little is known regarding the effects of CM-EXO on bacteria, fungi, HepG2, CaCo2, and Vero cells. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer effects of CM-EXO.

Role of calcium in hormone-independent and -resistant breast cancer.

Approximately one-third of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast tumors fail to respond to or become resistant to hormonal therapy. Although the mechanisms responsible for hormone resistance are not completely understood, resistance is associated with alterations in ERα; overexpression of proteins that interact with the receptor; and hormone-independent activation of the receptor by growth factor signal transduction pathways. Our previous studies show that in estrogen dependent breast cancer cells, activation of the epidermal growth factor signaling pathway increases intracellular calcium which binds to and activates ERα through sites in the ligand-binding domain of the receptor and that treatment with extracellular calcium increases the concentration of intracellular calcium which activates ERα and induces hormone-independent cell growth.

Therapeutic effect of Arthrocnemum machrostachyum methanolic extract on Ehrlich solid tumor in mice.

Background: The anti-cancer effect of the halophyte Arthrocnemum indicum, a member of Arthrocnemum family of salt-tolerant plants, was evaluated against colorectal cancer cell, CaCo2. However, the anti-cancer effect of another halophyte Arthrocnemum machrostachyum was not investigated yet. Herein, the anticancer effect of A.