Chest Exercises: Movement and Loading of Shoulder, Elbow and Wrist Joints.

Injuries to the shoulder are very common in sports that involve overhead arm or throwing movements. Strength training of the chest muscles has the potential to protect the shoulder from injury. Kinematic and kinetic data were acquired in 20 healthy subjects (age: 24.

Correction to: How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13102-018-0103-7.].

How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading.

Background: Squatting is a core exercise for many purposes. The tissue loading during squatting is crucial for positive adaptation and to avoid injury. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of narrow, hip and wide stance widths, foot position angles (0°, 21°, and 42°), strength exercise experience, and barbell load (0 and 50% body weight, experts only) during squatting.

[Lethal rupture of an echinococcal cyst of the liver].

A 50-year-old man is admitted to the hospital emergency service because of a 24-hour history of right abdominal pain. Ultrasound examination and laboratory tests suggest the perforation of an Echinococcal cyst situated in the subcapsular area of the right hepatic lobe. The patient and his family refuse the recommended hospitalisation and operation and leave the hospital on their own responsibility.

[Ultrasound image of an echinococcus daughter cyst in the gallbladder].

By the case presented, which is a clear example of a daughter cyst of an echinococcus in the gall bladder lumen, we have extended our knowledge of the possibility of ultrasound for demonstration of abdominal pathology. Besides the well-known sonographic picture of the liver echinococcus, we now know that we are in certain cases in a position to represent also the echinococcus daughter cyst in the biliary tree. Characteristic is its annular pattern.

What is a realistic frontal-offset test procedure?

With an increasing number of vehicles satisfying the FMVSS 208 Flat Barrier Impact Test and increasing belt usage, a high reduction of occupant injuries in general and a change from acceleration-induced to intrusion-induced injury mechanisms has been observed in Europe. The significance of intrusion-induced injury mechanisms associated with offset frontal impacts is assuming greater importance. Beginning in 1978, in response to this challenge, Mercedes-Benz has emphasized front structural countermeasures that have been found to be effective in the frequent asymmetrical frontal impacts.

Development of a new injury cost scale.

The Automobile Technique Research Association at Frankfurt, the Institute for Forensic Medicine at Mainz, the Federal Highway Research Institute at Bergisch-Gladbach, the German Motor Vehicle Inspection Association at Stuttgart, and the German Worker's Compensation at St. Augustin have completed a joint research project dealing with injury costs due to automobile accidents. The data for this social cost analysis were based on costs for administrative expenses, medical treatment, rehabilitation measures, social security payment, and loss of income, which were all paid by Worker's Compensation for single, well-documented injuries to the working population in West Germany (15 to 65 years old).

[Early predictors of outcome in children with head injuries].

In an attempt to determine whether the clinical data obtained by primary survey may be used as early outcome predictors in children who had sustained head trauma, children aged 0-14 with clinical diagnoses of coma, contusion, comotio, skull fracture or a combination of these diagnoses or who had been hospitalized for at least 3 days, between 1987 and 1990, were reviewed retrospectively. The outcome was defined by the clinical condition of children 6 months following head trauma using a Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), and was classified: good (good recovery and moderate disability) and poor (severe disability, persistent vegetative state, death). Of 70 children with trauma, 43 patients (61.

[Textile changes in passenger clothing induced by seat belts at 50 km/h frontal impact].

Sixteen dummies wearing seat belts were exposed to an impact of 50 km/h. Their clothing was examined for traces of melting and other textile changes caused by the seat belt. Such marks were found in the thorax area in 87.