Urinary extracellular vesicle-derived miR-126-3p predicts lymph node invasion in patients with high-risk prostate cancer.

To investigate extracellular vesicles (EVs), biomarkers for predicting lymph node invasion (LNI) in patients with high-risk prostate cancer (HRPCa), plasma, and/or urine samples were prospectively collected from 45 patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and five with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Small RNA sequencing was performed to identify miRNAs in the EVs. All patients with PCa underwent radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection.

A Prospective Randomized Trial of Neoadjuvant Chemohormonal Therapy vs Hormonal Therapy in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer Treated by Radical Prostatectomy.

Purpose: Benefits of docetaxel-based neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NCHT) before radical prostatectomy (RP) remain largely unknown. We explored whether docetaxel-based NCHT would bring pathological benefits and improve biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) over neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) in locally advanced prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: A randomized trial was designed recruiting 141 locally advanced, high-risk prostate cancer patients who were randomly assigned at the ratio of 2:1 to the NCHT group (75 mg/m body surface area every 3 weeks plus androgen deprivation therapy for 6 cycles) and the NHT group (androgen deprivation therapy for 24 weeks).

Urinary extracellular vesicle-derived miR-126-3p predicts lymph node invasion in patients with high-risk prostate cancer.

To investigate extracellular vesicles (EVs) biomarkers for predicting lymph node invasion (LNI) in patients with high-risk prostate cancer (HRPCa), plasma and/or urine samples were prospectively collected from 45 patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and five with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Small RNA sequencing was performed to identify miRNAs in the EVs. All patients with PCa underwent radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection.

Robust Model Watermarking for Image Processing Networks via Structure Consistency.

The intellectual property of deep networks can be easily "stolen" by surrogate model attack. There has been significant progress in protecting the model IP in classification tasks. However, little attention has been devoted to the protection of image processing models.

The ELAVL3/MYCN positive feedback loop provides a therapeutic target for neuroendocrine prostate cancer.

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is a rapidly progressive and lethal disease characterized by early visceral metastasis, poor prognosis, and limited treatment options. Uncovering the oncogenic mechanisms could lead to the discovery of potential therapeutic avenues. Here, we demonstrate that the RNA-binding protein ELAVL3 is specifically upregulated in neuroendocrine prostate cancer and that overexpression of ELAVL3 alone is sufficient to induce the neuroendocrine phenotype in prostate adenocarcinoma.

A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Levosimendan on Cardiac Function and Outcomes in Patients with Sepsis.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effect of levosimendan on cardiac function and outcomes in patients with sepsis.

Method: We searched multiple databases including CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, WOS, PubMed, EMbase, and The Cochrane Library up to February 2023. We targeted RCTs comparing levosimendan with dobutamine as a control for treating sepsis.

Identification of cancer-associated fibroblasts subtypes in prostate cancer.

Introduction: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most abundant cell types in tumor microenvironment. However, the phenotypic and functional heterogeneities among CAFs have not been sufficiently investigated in prostate cancer.

Methods: We obtained and analyzed the single-cell RNA-sequencing data from 26 hormone-sensitive prostate cancer samples and 8 castration-resistant prostate cancer samples, along with the analysis of bulk-sequencing datasets.

High-throughput drug screening identifies fluoxetine as a potential therapeutic agent for neuroendocrine prostate cancer.

Introduction: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive subtype of prostate cancer with poor prognosis and resistance to hormone therapy, which has limited therapeutic approaches. Therefore, this study aimed to identify a novel treatment for NEPC and provide evidence of its inhibitory effects.

Methods: We performed a high-throughput drug screening and identified fluoxetine, originally an FDA-approved antidepressant, as candidate therapeutic agent for NEPC.

Comprehensive analysis of androgen receptor status in prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation.

The androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a key contributor to tumorigenesis and the progression of prostate cancer. A subset of patients may develop neuroendocrine (NE) features, resulting in resistance to androgen deprivation therapy and poor prognosis. In this study, we combined immunostaining and bulk and single-cell transcriptome analyses to better characterize the status of AR in prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation.

Docetaxel remodels prostate cancer immune microenvironment and enhances checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy.

Prostate cancer is usually considered as immune "cold" tumor with poor immunogenic response and low density of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, highlighting the need to explore clinically actionable strategies to sensitize prostate cancer to immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated whether docetaxel-based chemohormonal therapy induces immunologic changes and potentiates checkpoint blockade immunotherapy in prostate cancer. We performed transcriptome and histopathology analysis to characterize the changes of prostate cancer immune microenvironment before and after docetaxel-based chemohormonal therapy.

Squalene Epoxidase Metabolic Dependency Is a Targetable Vulnerability in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Unlabelled: Considering the dismal prognosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), it is critical to identify novel therapeutic targets in this disease. Malignant cells have metabolic dependencies distinct from their healthy counterparts, resulting in therapeutic vulnerabilities. Although PTEN and TP53 are the most frequently comutated or codeleted driver genes in lethal CRPC, the metabolic dependencies underlying PTEN/p53 deficiency-driven CRPC for therapeutic intervention remain largely elusive.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Pretreated Plasma Samples Predicts Disease Recurrence in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radical Cystectomy.

Objective: To explore the value of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis of pretreated plasma samples in prediction of bladder cancer (BCa) recurrence after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy (RC).

Patients And Methods: SERS was used to analyze plasma samples collected before biopsy and treatment in BCa patients undergoing NAC and RC. The value of clinicopathological parameters and distinctive SERS peaks in the prediction of disease recurrence were analyzed in Cox regression proportional hazard analysis and Log rank test.

Immune infiltration phenotypes of prostate adenocarcinoma and their clinical implications.

Background: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells participate in the initiation and progression of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). However, it is not fully known how immune infiltration affects the development of PRAD and its clinical presentation.

Methods: Herein, we investigated the immune infiltration phenotypes in PRAD based on transcriptome profiles, methylation profiles, somatic mutation, and copy number variations.

SUMOylation controls the binding of hexokinase 2 to mitochondria and protects against prostate cancer tumorigenesis.

Human hexokinase 2 is an essential regulator of glycolysis that couples metabolic and proliferative activities in cancer cells. The binding of hexokinase 2 to the outer membrane of mitochondria is critical for its oncogenic activity. However, the regulation of hexokinase 2 binding to mitochondria remains unclear.