Mycobacterial strains that stimulate the immune system most efficiently as candidates for the treatment of bladder cancer.

Background: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) application is widely used in the treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma. Despite being an effective therapy, the pathogenicity and lethal side effects of BCG limits its usage. Intensive research has been carried out to find less toxic and more potent therapeutic agents for the treatment of bladder cancer.