Numerical analysis of the hydraulic fracture propagation behavior encountering gravel in conglomerate reservoirs.

Hydraulic fracturing, which forms complex fracture networks, is a common technique for efficiently exploiting low-permeability conglomerate reservoirs. However, the presence of gravel makes conglomerate highly heterogeneous, endowing the deformation, failure, and internal micro-scale fracture expansion mechanisms with uniqueness. The mechanism of fracture expansion when encountering gravel in conglomerate reservoirs remains unclear, challenging the design and effective implementation of hydraulic fracturing.

Typhoon-induced stormwater drives nutrient dynamics and triggers phytoplankton blooms in Laizhou Bay, China.

In this study, we investigated the hydrological and ecological impacts of heavy rainfall caused by the storm Rumbia and Typhoon Lekima on Laizhou Bay (LZB) through land‒sea synchronous field surveys, online remote sensors, and simulated enclosure experiments. Within two weeks of Rumbia, approximately 9% and 16% of the annual riverine total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) fluxes, respectively, were transported to the LZB and the proportions were 17% and 35%, respectively, for Lekima. The land use on the watersheds increased the rates of land-derived nutrient loading and altered their biogeochemical forms.

Nutrient budgets for the Bohai Sea: Implication for ratio imbalance of nitrogen to phosphorus input under intense human activities.

Eutrophication is a global problem for coastal ecosystems, one that the Bohai Sea (BHS), China, is severely afflicted by due to rapid economic and social development over the last forty years. For sustainable nutrients management in the BHS, comprehensive budgets for Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) was characterized in 2017, and the relative contributions of river input, submarine fresh groundwater discharge, atmospheric deposition, sediment diffusion, and exchange with the Yellow Sea were quantified. The annual N and P fluxes into the BHS were 362 × 10 t and 10.

aPKC is a key polarity determinant in coordinating the function of three distinct cell polarities during collective migration.

Apical-basal polarity is a hallmark of epithelia and needs to be remodeled when epithelial cells undergo morphogenetic cell movements. Here, we analyze border cells in the ovary to address how apical-basal polarity is remodeled and turned into front-back and inside-outside as well as apical-basal polarities, during collective migration. We find that the Crumbs (Crb) complex is required for the generation of the three distinct but interconnected cell polarities of border cells.