Blockchain-Based Authentication and Trust Management Mechanism for Smart Cities.

Security has always been the main concern for the internet of things (IoT)-based systems. Blockchain, with its decentralized and distributed design, prevents the risks of the existing centralized methodologies. Conventional security and privacy architectures are inapplicable in the spectrum of IoT due to its resource constraints.

Anatomic measurements of the anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries in cadaveric heads using endoscopic sinus instrumentation.

The challenges of endoscopic sinus surgery lie in the complexity of the anatomy of the nasal vault and side walls and the proximity to critical structures. Additionally, operating in a three-dimensional space while relying on a two-dimensional image for surgical navigation can be a disorienting task. Successful sinus surgery relies on the surgeon having a clear understanding of the anatomy and relationships within the operative field.

Oblique septal crossbar graft for anterior septal angle reconstruction.

Nasal septal deformity is a central feature of the crooked nose, contributing to functional and aesthetic problems. Straightening of the septum often requires resection, scoring, or incision of the septum--maneuvers that inevitably weaken the cartilaginous dorsal and caudal L-shaped struts, which together are known as the L-strut. Compromise of this L-strut predisposes to septal buckling, recurrent deviation, and saddle nose deformity.

Apoptosis genes in human alveolar macrophages infected with virulent or attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a pivotal role for tumor necrosis factor.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-dependent apoptosis of alveolar macrophages (AM) after infection with avirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) results in bacillary death and the destruction of a growth niche for the pathogen. This response is minimized after infection with virulent strains of Mtb. To study the genetic control of Mtb-induced apoptosis, we used microarrays to interrogate the expression profile of infected human AM.