Development and evaluation of thymoquinone-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for nose-to-brain targeting: a pharmacoscintigraphic study.

Chitosan (CS) nanoparticles of thymoquinone (TQ) were prepared by the ionic gelation method and are characterized on the basis of surface morphology, in vitro or ex vivo release, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) studies. Dynamic laser light scattering and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the particle diameter was between 150 to 200 nm. The results showed that the particle size of the formulation was significantly affected by the drug:CS ratio, whereas it was least significantly affected by the tripolyphosphate:CS ratio.

Development and evaluation of nanosized niosomal dispersion for oral delivery of Ganciclovir.

Encapsulation of Ganciclovir in lipophilic vesicular structure may be expected to enhance the oral absorption and prolong the existence of the drug in the systemic circulation. So the purpose of the present study was to improve the oral bioavailability of Ganciclovir by preparing nanosized niosomal dispersion. Niosomes were prepared from Span40, Span60, and Cholesterol in the molar ratio of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 3:2 using reverse evaporation method.

Assessment of ocular pharmacokinetics and safety of Ganciclovir loaded nanoformulations.

Ganciclovir (GCV) plays an important role in the treatment of ocular viral infections. A high dose results in dose-related toxicity including bone marrow suppression and neutropenia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the comparative potential of different mucoadhesive nano formulations for the topical ocular delivery of Ganciclovir.

Antiepileptic intranasal Amiloride loaded mucoadhesive nanoemulsion: development and safety assessment.

Current investigation aimed to develop a novel Amiloride loaded mucoadhesive nanoemulsion formulation for nose-to-brain delivery. Furthermore, nasal irritation study and histopathological examination of the nasal mucosa were also carried out to assess nonirritant nature of the nanoemulsion. The optimized formulation, surface epithelium lining and the granular cellular structure of the nasal mucosa were totally intact, whereas KCl caused major changes in the ultrastructure of mucosa.

Development and in vitro evaluation of an acid buffering bioadhesive vaginal gel for mixed vaginal infections.

An acid buffering bioadhesive vaginal (ABBV) gel was developed for the treatment of mixed vaginal infections. Different bioadhesive polymers were evaluated on the basis of their bioadhesive strength, stability and drug release properties. Bioadhesion and release studies showed that guar gum, xanthan gum and hydroxypropyl methylcelullose K4M formed a good combination of bioadhesive polymers to develop the ABBV gel.

Emerging role of microemulsions in cosmetics.

Microemulsions represent a promising carrier system for cosmetic active ingredients due to their numerous advantages over the existing conventional formulations. They are capable of solubilizing both hydrophilic and lipophilic ingredients with relatively higher encapsulation. There is growing recognition of their potential benefits in the field of cosmetic science in addition to the drug delivery.

Microemulsions: a novel approach to enhanced drug delivery.

Microemulsions are isotropic, thermodynamically stable transparent (or translucent) systems of oil, water and surfactant, frequently in combination with a cosurfactant with a droplet size usually in the range of 20-200 nm. They can be classified as oil-in-water (o/w), water-in-oil (w/o) or bicontinuous systems depending on their structure and are characterized by ultra low interfacial tension between oil and water phases. These versatile systems are currently of great technological and scientific interest to the researchers because of their potential to incorporate a wide range of drug molecules (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) due to the presence of both lipophilic and hydrophilic domains.

Microemulsions as a surrogate carrier for dermal drug delivery.

Microemulsions are isotropic, thermodynamically stable transparent (or translucent) systems of oil, water, and surfactant, frequently in combination with a cosurfactant with a droplet size usually in the range of 20-200 nm. Since their discovery, they have attained increasing significance both in basic research and in industry. Due to their distinct advantages such as enhanced drug solubility, thermodynamic stability, facile preparation, and low cost, uses and applications of microemulsions have been numerous.

Solid self-nanoemulsifying delivery systems as a platform technology for formulation of poorly soluble drugs.

New drug discovery programs produce molecules with poor physico-chemical properties, making delivery of these molecules at the right proportion into the body a big challenge to the formulation scientist. The various options available to overcome the hurdle include solvent precipitation, micronisation/nanonization using high-pressure homogenization or jet milling, salt formation, use of microspheres, solid dispersions, cogrinding, complexation, and many others. Self-nanoemulsifying systems (SNES) form one of the most popular and commercially viable approaches for delivery of poorly soluble drugs exhibiting dissolution rate limited absorption, especially those belonging to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System II/IV.

Development and evaluation of acid-buffering bioadhesive vaginal tablet for mixed vaginal infections.

An acid-buffering bioadhesive vaginal tablet was developed for the treatment of genitourinary tract infections. From the bioadhesion experiment and release studies it was found that polycarbophil and sodium carboxymethylcellulose is a good combination for an acid-buffering bioadhesive vaginal tablet. Sodium monocitrate was used as a buffering agent to provide acidic pH (4.