Synthesis of Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons and Their Immobilization on Alginate Gels for the Simultaneous Removal of Cr(VI), Cd(II), Pb(II), As(III), and Hg(II) from Water.

Low-cost alginate gels of activated carbons were prepared, which were derived from the peels of banana and sweet lime. The synthesized carbon was activated and immobilized on alginate, producing its gel. These gels were categorized according to their methods of drying, in which air drying, freeze drying, and supercritical drying led to the formation of xerogels, cryogels, and aerogels, respectively.

Implications and Economic Impact of Applying International Guidelines and Recommendations to the Management of High-Risk Group of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in India.

Objectives Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors are recommended as preferred add-on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) after metformin among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), heart failure (HF), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). They are generally many folds costlier than other OADs. This is a simulatory analysis to assess the incremental cost escalation and risk reduction with their hypothetical substitution/addition in prescriptions of high-risk patients.

Patterns of drug therapy, glycemic control, and predictors of escalation - non-escalation of treatment among diabetes outpatients at a tertiary care center.

Objectives: The study was conducted to assess patterns of prescribed drug therapy and clinical predictors of need for therapy escalation in outpatients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study, conducted at an apex tertiary care teaching hospital in central India for a period of 18 months. The demographic, clinical, and treatment details on the baseline and follow up visits were collected from the patients' prescription charts.

Remogliflozin: the new low cost SGLT-2 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

SGLT-2 inhibitors have recently emerged as an important class of oral drugs for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in patients with cardiovascular or renal impairment, recommended in all recent treatment guidelines. They have additional advantages of weight and blood pressure reduction but also pose problems like genitourinary infections. These drugs generally have a high cost making affordability a major consideration in their prescription in developing countries like India.

Pattern of Disease and Therapy for Diabetes along with Impact of Generic Prescribing on Cost of Treatment among Outpatients at a Tertiary Care Facility.

Background: India has become the diabetes capital of the world. Analyzing trends in drug prescribing helps in judging rationality of prescriptions in different settings. This study aimed to assess disease and prescribing trends with a special emphasis on evaluating use of metformin, insulin, fixed dose combinations (FDCs), concomitant medications, pill burden, and costs of drug therapy in diabetes.

Medication adherence, recall periods and factors affecting it: A community-based assessment on patients with chronic diseases in urban slums.

Objective: To evaluate medication adherence, the effect of recall periods on self-reported adherence and factors influencing medication adherence among patients of chronic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, particularly in the community.

Methods: A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted among individuals with hypertension and/or diabetes coming as outpatients in community camps organised in a cluster of urban slums. Responses towards questions regarding self-reported quantitative and qualitative adherence for one week and one month along with information on pill burden, socio-demographic and other factors were recorded using a mobile application.

Approval of Itolizumab for COVID-19: A Premature Decision or Need of The Hour?

Itolizumab is a first-in-class anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody that was initially developed for various cancers and was later developed and approved in India for treatment of moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis in 2013. This drug is now being re-purposed for COVID-19. The potential utility of itolizumab in COVID-19, based on its unique mechanism of action in ameliorating cytokine release syndrome (CRS), was proposed first in Cuba with approval of a single-arm clinical trial and expanded access use.

Diabetes care during COVID-19 lockdown at a tertiary care centre in India.

Providing scheduled consultations to persons with diabetes during the COVID-19 induced lockdowns posed a major challenge. With the clinicians occupied in COVID management, a strategy of using telemedicine and engaging a team of para-clinical doctors was devised. Telephonic follow up consults were given and diabetes care was efficiently delivered.

IL-6 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Serious COVID-19: A Promising Therapy?

At present, there are no proven agents for treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The available evidence has not allowed guidelines to clearly recommend any drugs outside the context of clinical trials. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 invokes a hyperinflammatory state driven by multiple cells and mediators like interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), etc.

3-[(E)-2-(2-Meth-oxy-phen-yl)vin-yl]-5,5-di-methyl-cyclo-hex-2-enone.

The title compound, C17H20O2, has an E conformation about the bridging C=C bond. The cyclo-hexene ring adopts an envelope conformation with the dimethyl-substituted C atom as the flap. Its mean plane makes a dihedral angle of 7.

N-(4-Fluoro-phen-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-amine.

In the title compound, C12H16FNO2, the dioxane ring adopts a chair conformation with the methyl substituents and the C-N bond in equatorial orientations. Its mean plane subtends a dihedral angle of 40.17 (6)° with the benzene ring.

N-(4-Meth-oxy-phen-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-amine.

In the title compound, C13H19NO3, the dioxane ring adopts a chair conformation. Its mean plane is inclined to the 4-meth-oxy-phenyl ring by 70.34 (9)°.

1-[2-(3-Meth-oxy-phen-yl)eth-yl]pyrroli-dine-2,5-dione.

In the title compound, C13H15NO3, the pyrrolidine ring makes a dihedral angle of 4.69 (9)° with the 3-meth-oxy-phenyl ring. In the crystal, hydrogen-bonded chains running along [101] are generated by connecting neighbouring mol-ecules via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Methyl 2-(2,2-dimethyl-3a,6a-di-hydro-furo[3,2-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carboxyl-ate.

In the title mol-ecule, C18H16O7, the dioxolane ring adopts an envelope conformation with the dimethyl-substituted C atom as the flap. The furan ring is almost coplanar with the pyran ring, with a dihedral angle of 1.04 (10)° between the planes, and it makes a dihedral angle of 67.

Allyl 2-(2,2-dimethyl-3a,6a-di-hydro-furo[3,2-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C20H18O7, the dioxolane ring adopts an envelope conformation with the dimethyl-substituted C atom as the flap, and its mean plane makes a dihedral angle of 73.25 (2)° with the pyran ring mean plane. The furan ring makes dihedral angles of 67.

N-(4-Bromo-phen-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-amine.

In the title compound, C12H16BrNO2, the dioxane ring adopts a chair conformation and its mean plane makes a dihedral angle of 60.63 (12)° with the 4-bromo-phenyl ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R 2 (2)(8) ring motif.

2,6-Dimethyl-N-(2-methyl-phen-yl)-1,3-dioxan-4-amine.

In the title compound, C13H19NO2, the dioxane ring adopts a chair conformation and its mean plane makes a dihedral angle of 45.36 (8)° with the phenyl ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with R (2) 2(12) ring motifs.

N-(2-Fluoro-phen-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-amine.

In the title compound, C12H16FNO3, the dioxane ring adopts a chair conformation with the methyl groups and amine N atom in equatorial positions. The best plane through the dioxane ring makes a dihedral angle of 43.16 (8)° with the phenyl ring.

3-[(E)-2-(4-Chloro-phen-yl)ethen-yl]-5,5-di-methyl-cyclo-hex-2-en-1-one.

In the title compound, C16H17ClO, the cyclo-hexene ring adopts a half-chair conformation and the best plane through the six ring atoms makes a dihedral angle of 6.69 (7)° with the chlorophenyl ring. In the crystal, pairs of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into centrosymmetric R 2 (2)(20) dimers.

N-tert-Butyl-2-(2,6-di-chloro-phen-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-amine.

In the title compound, C16H16Cl2N4, the imidazole ring mean plane makes a dihedral angle of 70.01 (1)° with the phenyl ring. The Cl atoms deviate by -0.

N-tert-Butyl-2-[4-(dimethyl-amino)-phen-yl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-amine.

In the title compound, C18H23N5, the imidazole ring makes a dihedral angles of 3.96 (8) and 19.02 (8)°, respectively, with the pyrazine and benzene rings while the dihedral angle between the pyrazine and benzene rings is 16.