Establishment of an experimental system to analyse extracellular vesicles during apoplastic fungal pathogenesis.

Phoma stem canker disease of oilseed rape () is caused by the extracellular fungal pathogen . Although this pathogen resides exclusively in apoplastic spaces surrounding plant cells, the significance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has not been assessed. Here, we show a method to collect apoplastic fluids (AFs) from infected leaves or cotyledons for collection of EVs during the process of host colonisation.