Treatment of a schizophrenia patient on long-term super-dose antipsychotics: a case report.

Introduction: Clozapine and chlorpromazine are widely used for treating schizophrenia. However, irregular medical follow-ups are common in patients with schizophrenia, potentially leading to long-term super-dose medication. Managing such cases poses significant challenges for clinical psychiatrists.

Regional neural functional efficiency across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: a transdiagnostic resting-state fMRI study.

Background: Major psychiatric disorders (MPDs) are delineated by distinct clinical features. However, overlapping symptoms and transdiagnostic effectiveness of medications have challenged the traditional diagnostic categorisation. We investigate if there are shared and illness-specific disruptions in the regional functional efficiency (RFE) of the brain across these disorders.

Subtyping drug-free first-episode major depressive disorder based on cortical surface area alterations.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is recognized as a complex and heterogeneous metal illness, characterized by diverse clinical symptoms and variable treatment outcomes. Previous studies have repeatedly reported alterations in brain morphology in MDD, but findings vary across sample characteristics. Whether this neurobiological substrate could stratify MDD into more homogeneous clinical subgroups thus improving personalized medicine remains unknown.

Aberrant brain dynamics in major depressive disorder during working memory task.

Working memory (WM) is a distributed and dynamic process, and WM deficits are recognized as one of the top-ranked endophenotype candidates for major depressive disorders (MDD). However, there is a lack of knowledge of brain temporal-spatial profile of WM deficits in MDD. We used the dynamical degree centrality (dDC) to investigate the whole-brain temporal-spatial profile in 40 MDD and 40 controls during an n-back task with 2 conditions (i.

Fabrication of Flexible and Transparent Metal Mesh Electrodes Using Surface Energy-Directed Assembly Process for Touch Screen Panels and Heaters.

Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are indispensable components of various optoelectronic devices such as displays, touch screen panels, solar cells, and smart windows. To date, the fabrication processes for metal mesh-based TCEs are either costly or having limited resolution and throughput. Here, a two-step surface energy-directed assembly (SEDA) process to efficiently fabricate high resolution silver meshes is introduced.

Hypoactive Visual Cortex, Prefrontal Cortex and Insula during Self-Face Recognition in Adults with First-Episode Major Depressive Disorder.

Self-face recognition is a vital aspect of self-referential processing, which is closely related to affective states. However, neuroimaging research on self-face recognition in adults with major depressive disorder is lacking. This study aims to investigate the alteration of brain activation during self-face recognition in adults with first-episode major depressive disorder (FEMDD) via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); FEMDD ( = 59) and healthy controls (HC, = 36) who performed a self-face-recognition task during the fMRI scan.

The anatomical networks based on probabilistic structurally connectivity in bipolar disorder across mania, depression, and euthymic states.

Backgrounds: There have pieces of evidence of the distinct aberrant functional network topology profile in bipolar disorder (BD) across mania, depression, and euthymic episodes. However, the underlying anatomical network topology pattern in BD across different episodes is unclear.

Methods: We calculated the whole-brain probabilistic structurally connectivity across 143 subjects (72 with BD [34 depression; 13 mania; 25 euthymic] and 53 healthy controls), and used graph theory to examine the trait- and state-related topology alterations of the structural connectome in BD.

Decreased integration of default-mode network during a working memory task in schizophrenia with severe attention deficits.

Background: Working memory (WM) and attention deficits are both important features of schizophrenia. WM is closely related to attention, for it acted as an important characteristic in activating and manipulating WM. However, the knowledge of neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between WM and attention deficits in schizophrenia is poorly investigated.

Shared and distinct patterns of dynamical degree centrality in bipolar disorder across different mood states.

Background: Previous studies have probed the brain static activity pattern in bipolar disorder across different states. However, human intrinsic brain activity is time-varying and dynamic. There is a lack of knowledge about the brain dynamical pattern in bipolar disorder across different mood states.

Multimetric structural covariance in first-episode major depressive disorder: a graph theoretical analysis.

Background: Abnormalities of cortical morphology have been consistently reported in major depressive disorder (MDD), with widespread focal alterations in cortical thickness, surface area and gyrification. However, it is unclear whether these distributed focal changes disrupt the system-level architecture (topology) of brain morphology in MDD. If present, such a topological disruption might explain the mechanisms that underlie altered cortical morphology in MDD.

Differential Dynamical Pattern of Regional Homogeneity in Bipolar and Unipolar Depression: A Preliminary Resting-State fMRI Study.

Bipolar depression (BD) and unipolar depression (UD) are both characterized by depressive moods, which are difficult to distinguish in clinical practice. Human brain activity is time-varying and dynamic. Investigating dynamical pattern alterations of depressed brains can provide deep insights into the pathophysiological features of depression.

Dynamical regional activity in putamen distinguishes bipolar type I depression and unipolar depression.

Objectives: Intrinsic human brain activity is time-varying and dynamic. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the dynamic regional activity differences between unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar type I depression (BD-I), and whether their differential pattern can help to distinguish these two patient groups who are prone to misdiagnosis in clinical practice.

Method: In this study, we used the dynamical fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dfALFF) to examine the resting-state dynamical regional activity in 40 BD-I, 42 UD, and 44 healthy controls (HCs).

The Role of Military Training in Improving Psychological Resilience and Reducing Depression Among College Freshmen.

Military training plays an important protective role in enhancing mental health. However, the effects of military training on psychological resilience and depression among college freshmen in China remain unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate changes in psychological resilience and depression through military training among college freshmen, and to investigate associated psychosocial factors including childhood trauma that may influence its effects on psychological resilience.

Bipolar Mood State Reflected in Functional Connectivity of the Hate Circuit: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Background: Previous studies suggested bipolar disorder caused an aberrant alteration in the insular, putamen, and left superior frontal gyrus, which are the main components of the hate circuit. However, the relationship between the hate circuit and the pathophysiologic substrate underlying different phases of bipolar disorder remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify group differences of resting-state functional connectivity within the hate circuit in healthy controls (HCs) and bipolar patients in different mood states.

Abnormal Thalamocortical Circuit in Adolescents With Early-Onset Schizophrenia.

Objective: Thalamic circuit imbalance characterized by increased sensorimotor-thalamic connectivity and decreased prefrontal-thalamic connectivity has been consistently observed in adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS), although it is unclear whether this pattern is also a feature of early-onset schizophrenia (EOS). If this is the case, thalamic circuit imbalance can be considered as a core mechanistic defect in schizophrenia, unconfounded by the age of onset.

Method: A total of 116 adolescents with EOS (63 drug-naive EOS) and 55 matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans.

Connectomic signatures of working memory deficits in depression, mania, and euthymic states of bipolar disorder.

Background: Working memory (WM) deficit is a feature persistently reported across mania, depression, and euthymic periods of bipolar disorder (BD). WM capacity relates to distributed brain regions that are systemically organized at the connectome level. It is not clear whether the same disruption of this network-level organization underlies the WM impairment seen in different phases of BD.

Psychological resilience negatively correlates with resting-state brain network flexibility in young healthy adults: a dynamic functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background: Psychological resilience is an important personality trait whose decrease is associated with many common psychiatric disorders, but the neural mechanisms underlying it remain largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the neural correlates of psychological resilience in healthy adults by investigating its relationship with functional brain network flexibility, a fundamental dynamic feature of brain network defined by switching frequency of its modular community structures.

Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were acquired from 41 healthy adults, whose psychological resilience was quantified by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).