Promoters, Key -Regulatory Elements, and Their Potential Applications in Regulation of Cadmium (Cd) in Rice.

Rice (), a globally significant staple crop, is crucial for ensuring human food security due to its high yield and quality. However, the intensification of industrial activities has resulted in escalating cadmium (Cd) pollution in agricultural soils, posing a substantial threat to rice production. To address this challenge, this review comprehensively analyzes rice promoters, with a particular focus on identifying and characterizing key -regulatory elements (CREs) within them.