Data-driven evolutionary game models for the spread of fairness and cooperation in heterogeneous networks.

Unique large-scale cooperation and fairness norms are essential to human society, but the emergence of prosocial behaviors is elusive. The fact that heterogeneous social networks prevail raised a hypothesis that heterogeneous networks facilitate fairness and cooperation. However, the hypothesis has not been validated experimentally, and little is known about the evolutionary psychological basis of cooperation and fairness in human networks.

Three-dimensional on-chip mode converter.

The implementation of transverse mode, polarization, frequency, and other degrees of freedom (d.o.f.

Ultralow birefringent glass waveguide fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing.

Optical waveguides prepared by femtosecond laser direct writing have birefringent properties, which can affect polarization encoding and entanglement on chips. Here, we first propose a shape-stress dual compensation fabrication scheme to decrease birefringence. Ultralow birefringent waveguides (1 × 10) were obtained by controlling the cross sectional shape of the main waveguide and adjusting the position of the auxiliary lines.

[Patterns of maternal transfer of trace elements in the pelagic thresher shark () of the Eastern Pacific Ocean].

Pelagic sharks are vulnerable to overfishing due to slow growth rates, late-at-maturity and low fecundity, 90% of which are Near Threatened with an elevated risk of extinction according to IUCN Red List Criteria. Trace elements can be accumulated by marine predators and may have detrimental effects on population dynamics. In this study, we analyzed the concentrations of 11 trace elements (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Se, Co, Hg, Cd, Pb, and As) in muscle and liver tissues of 10 pregnant pelagic thresher sharks () and their 18 embryos.

Circular cross section waveguides processed by multi-foci-shaped femtosecond pulses.

We developed a simple multi-foci-shaped femtosecond pulsed (MFSFP) method for processing circular cross section waveguides in transparent materials. With this flexible processing method, the focus energy distribution can be designed freely and arbitrarily, and single-mode waveguides with cross section circularity better than 96.0% were achieved.

Diamond optical vortex generator processed by ultraviolet femtosecond laser.

We propose a precise diamond micromachining method based on ultraviolet femtosecond laser direct writing and a mixed acid heating chemical treatment. The chemical composition of the attached clusters generated during laser ablation and their effects on morphologies were investigated in experiments. The averaged roughness of pristine and processed regions reduced to 0.

Enhanced renoprotective effect of HIF-1α modified human adipose-derived stem cells on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in vivo.

Current therapeutic options for acute kidney injury (AKI) are limited to the use of supportive measures and dialysis. A recent approach that has sparked great interest and gained enormous popularity is the implantation of stem cells to repair acutely damaged kidney organ. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is effective in protecting the kidney from ischemia and nephrotoxicity.