Placebo response of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea: A meta-analysis.

Background: The placebo response of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea is a substantial factor associated with analgesia. However, the magnitude of the placebo response is unclear.

Objective: This meta-analysis assessed the effects of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea and the factors contributing to these effects.

[ASPIRE guidelines and their enlightenment on application of sham acupuncture in clinical researches].

Reasonable and standard application of sham acupuncture control is the key to determine the quality of acupuncture clinical trials, and is also a difficult problem faced by acupuncture clinical research. The UK National Institute for Health Research and the Medical Research Council jointly published the Applying Surgical Placebo in Randomised Evaluation (ASPIRE) guidelines on the application of placebo surgical operation in randomized evaluation, which includes 4 parts: rationale and ethics, design, conduct, and interpretation and translation, providing comprehensive guidance for the application of placebo controls in surgical trials. As an operational intervention, acupuncture is similar to surgery, so, ASPIRE guidelines can also provide certain guidance for the application of sham acupuncture.