The impact of female sex hormones on cardiovascular disease: from mechanisms to hormone therapy.

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in women, yet it has not raised the awareness from the public. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease differs significantly between females and males concerning the effect of sex hormones. Estrogen and progestogen impact cardiovascular system through genomic and non-genomic effects.

Mechanism of Huangqi Sanxian Decoction Inhibiting Osteoclast Differentiation Based on Network Pharmacology.

Osteoclasts (OCs) have been the unique cell type exhibiting the bone-resorption activity in body. It is important to identify drugs to resist osteoclastogenesis to manage the bone-loss disorders. Huangqi Sanxian decoction (HQSXD) is utilized for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) for a long history in East Asia.