Frustrated Radical Pairs: From Fleeting Intermediates to Isolable Species.

We present the design and comprehensive investigation of stable para-substituted triarylamine-2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) radical ion pairs (RIPs) generated via single-electron transfer (SET). We quantified the degree of SET in both solution and solid phases, utilising a suite of spectroscopic techniques including IR, EPR, NMR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Our findings reveal that the extent of SET is significantly influenced by the nature of the substituents (MeO > Bu > Br) and the polarity of the solvent (MeCN > DCM > toluene).

Knockdown of tyrosine hydroxylase gene affects larval survival, pupation and adult eclosion in Plagiodera versicolora.

In insects, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) plays essential roles in cuticle tanning and cuticle pigmentation. Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a leaf-eating forest pest in salicaceous trees worldwide. However, the function of PverTH in P.

Evaluation of the cross-protection of the Vero cell-derived attenuated influenza vaccines with compound adjuvant, through intranasal immunization.

This study was to evaluate the sufficient safety and effect of the novel influenza vaccine program. It prepared new reassortant influenza virus, with high yield on Vero cells. According to the plaque counting, one dose LAIV was composed with 10 PFU of H1, H3, BY, and BV, respectively.

Relish involved in immunity and larval survival in the willow leaf beetle Plagiodera versicolora.

Background: Insects mainly rely on innate immunity against pathogen infection. Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a worldwide leaf-eating forest pest in salicaceous trees. However, the mechanisms behind the immunodeficiency pathway (IMD) remain poorly understood.

Preparation and properties of lignin-based dual network hydrogel and its application in sensing.

Ionic conductive hydrogels prepared from various biological macromolecules are ideal materials for the manufacture of human motion sensors from the perspective of resource regeneration and environmental sustainability. However, it is now difficult to develop conductive hydrogels including excellent self-healing and mechanical properties, mainly due to their inherent trade-off between dynamic cross-linked healing and stable cross-linked mechanical strength. In this work, alkali lignin-Polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylic acid double network conductive hydrogels with high mechanical strength and good self-healing properties were prepared.

RNA interference of vATPase subunits A and E affects survival of larvae and adults in Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Vacuolar-type H-ATPases (vATPases) are ATP-driven proton pumps and play essential roles in many physiological functions. Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a leaf-eating forest pest found in salicaceous trees worldwide. RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for functional identify and pest control.

Disruption of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis pathway affects cuticle pigmentation in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is produced from guanosine triphosphate (GTP) under catalyzation of GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) and sepiapterin reductase (SR), among others. In Drosophila melanogaster, BH4 and other pteridines are required for cuticle tanning and eye pigmentation. In this study, two Hvgtpch (Hvgtpch-a and Hvgtpch-b), an Hvptps and an Hvsr transcripts were identified in a serious defoliator Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.

Knockdown of Causes Abnormal Pupae and Adults in the Eggplant Lady Beetle.

Ecdysone-induced protein 93F (E93) plays triple roles during post-embryonic development in insects whose juvenile instars are more than four. However, it only acts as a specifier of adult structures in flies whose larval instars are fixed at three. In this study, we determined the functions of E93 in the eggplant lady beetle (), which has four larval instars.

Factors associated with routine vaccination card retention among children aged 0-59 months in Yaounde-Cameroon: A cross-sectional survey.

Background: The routine vaccination card is an important health record for children, but recent findings suggest that vaccination card retention in Cameroon is low, varying from 29%-53%. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with children's routine vaccination card retention in Cameroon.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Yaoundé in November 2021, targeting children aged 0-59 months.

Fe-Based Theranostic Agents Respond to the Tumor Microenvironment for MRI-Guided Ferroptosis-/Apoptosis-Inducing Anticancer Therapy.

Tumor microenvironment-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are conducive to accurate diagnoses by visualization of biochemical and pathological changes for suitable treatment. Herein, we reported a pH-responsive contrast agent DFeZd NP with MRI diagnosis and tumor treatment capabilities. DFeZd NPs can map the pH change by modulating the MR signal in different acid-base environments.

Silencing tyrosine hydroxylase or dopa decarboxylase gene disrupts cuticle tanning during larva-pupa-adult transformation in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.

Background: The 28-spotted potato ladybird, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, is a notorious defoliator of many solanaceous and cucurbitaceous plants. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopa decarboxylase (DDC) are responsible for cuticle tanning pathway in insects.

Results: We identified HvTH and HvDDC in H.

Dissecting the Isoform-Specific Roles of FTZ-F1 in the Larval-Larval and Larval-Pupal Ecdyses in .

Fushi Tarazu Factor 1 (FTZ-F1), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is the downstream factor of 20-hydroxyecdysone signaling. In , alternative transcription start and splicing in the gene generate αFTZ-F1 and βFTZ-F1 isoforms, which are vital for pair-rule segmentation in early embryogenesis and post-embryonic development, respectively. However, whether the same mRNA isoforms are present and exert the conservative roles remains to be clarified in other insects.

Silencing of and Causes Abnormal Darkening of Cuticle in .

N-β-alanyldopamine (NBAD) is a precursor of N-acylquinone sclerotin utilized for cross-linking between cuticular proteins for cuticle during insect molting. The importance of NBAD in cuticle tanning has not been well compared among different developing stages of insects. , a typical polyphagous pest feeding on a large number of Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae plants in Asian countries, displays diverse cuticle pigmentation patterns among developing stages and body regions.

Yellow-b, -c, -d, and -h are required for normal body coloration of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.

The involvement of yellow genes y-b, y-c, y-e, and y-h in cuticle tanning has poorly been clarified. In the present paper, six putative yellow (y-y, y-b, y-c, y-e y-f, and y-h) genes were identified in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. Hvy-b, Hvy-c, Hvy-e, and Hvy-h were abundantly transcribed at early larval and late pupal stages, especially in the epidermis.

Disruption of kynurenine pathway reveals physiological importance of tryptophan catabolism in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.

Kynurenine pathway is critically important to catabolize tryptophan, to produce eye chromes, and to protect nervous system in insects. However, several issues related to tryptophan degradation remain to be clarified. In the present paper, we identified three genes (karmoisin, vermilion and cardinal) involved in kynurenine pathway in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 Mediated Knockout Reveals Functions of the Gene in .

genes are thought to be involved in the melanin biosynthetic pathway and play a crucial role in pigmentation reactions in insects. However, little research has been done on genes in lepidopteran pests. To clarify the function of one of the genes () in , we cloned the full-length of , and investigated its spatial and temporal expression profiles by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).

Identification of a double-stranded RNA-degrading nuclease influencing both ingestion and injection RNA interference efficiency in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum.

RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency dramatically varies among different insects and among administration methods. Numerous studies have revealed that a poor RNAi response is usually associated with a high double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-degrading activity. Using the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, we conducted genome-wide identification of genes encoding dsRNA-degrading nucleases of the DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease superfamily.

Functional divergence of white genes in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata revealed by RNA interference.

Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata is a serious pest of Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae in many Asian countries. RNA interference (RNAi) can effectively reduce transcript abundance in this beetle, offering opportunities to explore the biological function of specific genes. The white gene encodes a half-type ATP-binding cassette transporter that plays an essential role in tryptophan, guanine and uric acid transport across membranes.

Preparation and characterization of ZnO/PEG-Co(II)-PbO nanocomposite electrode and an investigation of the electrocatalytic degradation of phenol.

A ZnO/PEG (polyethylene glycol) -Co(II)-PbO nanocomposite electrode was constructed by using the anodic electrodeposition method and used for the electrocatalytic degradation phenol. The results showed that the electrode surface formed numerous PbO nanosphere structures, and the average size of a single nanosphere is approximately 0.4 μm.

RNA interference targeting ecdysone receptor blocks the larval-pupal transition in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.

Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata is a serious insect pest which attacks a large number of nightshades and cucurbits in Asian countries, Brazil and Australia. Prolonged application of traditional pesticides has caused environmental pollution and exerted deleterious effects on human health. Finding new approaches with high target specificity and low environmental contamination has become an urgent task.