Risk Factors and a Nomogram for Prediction of Refractory Pudendal Neuralgia: A Retrospective Multivariate Analysis Study.

Background: Pudendal neuralgia (PN) is one of the most common forms of genital pain. About 4% or higher of patients suffering from chronic pain.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for prediction of refractory PN (RPN).

Sacral Nerve Stimulation in Patients With Refractory Pudendal Neuralgia.

Background: Pudendal neuralgia (PN) is one of the most common forms of genital pain. Only 42.2% of PN patients respond to the first-line treatment.

Propofol inhibits the expression of Abelson nonreceptor tyrosine kinase without affecting learning or memory function in neonatal rats.

Objective: Propofol is one of the most commonly used intravenous drugs to induce and maintain general anesthesia. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that propofol can affect neuronal growth, leading to apoptosis and impairing cognitive function. The Abelson nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (c-Abl) is associated with both neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.

[Effect of propofol and operative trauma on neurodevelopment and cognitive function of developing brain in rats].

Objective: To investigate the effect of propofol and operative trauma on the neurodevelopment and cognitive function of the developing brain and its mechanism.

Methods: A total of 104 postnatal day 13 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (treated by 7.5 mL/kg saline and sham surgery), propofol group (treated by 75 mg/kg propofol), surgery group (with abdominal surgery under local anesthesia) and propofol+surgery group (with abdominal surgery under local anesthesia plus 75 mg/kg propofol anesthesia).

[Choline improves lipopolysaccharide-induced central nervous system inflammatory response and cognitive dysfunction in mice].

Objective: To assess the effect of choline in ameliorating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced central nervous system inflammation and cognitive deficits in mice and explore the underlying mechanism.

Methods: Seventy-two mice were randomized into saline control group, LPS group, choline intervention group and choline control group. In the latter two groups, the mice received pretreatment with intraperitoneal injections of choline (40 mg/kg, 3 times daily for 3 consecutive days) prior to microinjection of LPS into the lateral cerebral ventricle to induce central nervous system inflammation; in saline and LPS groups, the mice were pretreated with saline in the same manner before intraventicular injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid.

Overexpression of phosphodiesterase-4 subtypes involved in surgery-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in mice.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is characterized by cognitive impairments in patients after surgery. Hippocampal neuroinflammation induced by surgery is highly associated with POCD. Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) is an enzyme that specifically hydrolyses cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which plays an important role during neuroinflammation and the process of learning and memory.

[Protective effect of dexmedetomidine against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells and its mechanism].

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells and its mechanism.

Methods: PC12 cells were treated with varying concentrations of dexmedetomidine 1 h before exposure to a high concentration of glutamate. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and LDH release, MDA content and SOD activity were measured.

[Synergistic analgesic effect of choline and parecoxib sodium in mice and the mechanism].

Objective: To investigate the synergistic analgesic effect of choline and parecoxib sodium and study its mechanism.

Methods: In male Kunming mice with acetic acid-induced writhing, the ED of choline and parecoxib sodium (administered via the tail vein at 2 h and 30 min before modeling, respectively) and their combined use were determined. In saline (control) group, ED choline (C) group, ED parecoxib sodium (P) group, and 1/2ED choline and parecoxib sodium (1/2[C+P]) group, blood samples were collected from the eyeball 10 min after intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid to detect the levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE2, NF-κB, and I-κB levels using ELISA kits.

[Effect of repeated hypoxic preconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced hepatic dysfunction in rats].

Objective: To explore the effect of repeated hypoxic preconditioning (RHP) on renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced hepatic dysfunction in rats and the underlying mechanism.

Methods: A total of 120 normal SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=40), namely RHP surgical group, RHP sham-operated (RHPS) group, nonhypoxic surgical group (IRI group), and nonhypoxic sham-operated group (S group). The rats in the hypoxic groups were exposed to hypoxia in a hypoxic chamber for 5 days prior to establishment of renal ischemia-reperfusion model by resection of the right kidney and clamping the left renal hilum.

Transduced PTD-BDNF fusion protein protects against beta amyloid peptide-induced learning and memory deficits in mice.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes the survival and differentiation of hippocampal, cortical, and basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. However, the efficacy of BDNF via peripheral (i.v.