Postnatal functional integrity of the brainstem auditory pathway in late preterm infants born of small-for-gestation age: how different from those born of appropriate-for-gestation.

It is unclear whether there is any postnatal abnormality in brainstem auditory function in late preterm small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. We investigated the functional integrity of the brainstem auditory pathway at 4 months after term in late preterm SGA infants and defined differences from appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants. The maximum length sequence brainstem evoked response (MLS BAER) was recorded and analyzed in 24 SGA (birthweight < 3rd centile) infants and 28 AGA infants (birthweight > 10th centile).

Infants with neonatal Chronic Lung Disease are associated with delayed auditory conduction in the rostral brainstem after term.

Aims: Very Low Birthweight (VLBW) infants with neonatal Chronic Lung Disease (CLD) have been found to have functional impairment of the brainstem auditory pathway at term. This study investigated the functional status of the brainstem auditory pathway in VLBW infants with CLD after term for any abnormality.

Methods: Fifty-two VLBW infants were recruited at 50 weeks of Postconceptional Age: 25 with neonatal CLD and 27 without CLD.

Transcriptomics analysis and fed-batch regulation of high astaxanthin-producing Phaffia rhodozyma/Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous obtained through adaptive laboratory evolution.

Unlabelled: Astaxanthin has high utilization value in functional food because of its strong antioxidant capacity. However, the astaxanthin content of Phaffia rhodozyma is relatively low. Adaptive laboratory evolution is an excellent method to obtain high-yield strains.

Preterm babies treated with lengthy continuous positive airway pressure are associated with moderate auditory abnormality.

Aims: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been used for the prevention and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress for over four decades, but it remains very poorly understood whether there is any brainstem auditory abnormality in babies treated with CPAP. We aimed to detect brainstem auditory abnormality at 34-35 weeks of corrected age in preterm babies treated with CPAP and define any difference between different durations of CPAP treatment.

Study Design: Preterm babies were recruited and dichotomized to those with CPAP treatment (CPAP group, n = 67) and those without CPAP treatment (n-CPAP group) (n = 49).

Altered maturation in brainstem neural conduction in very premature babies with fetal growth restriction.

Background: Using maximum length sequence brainstem auditory evoked response (MLS BAER) to study brainstem neural conduction and maturation in fetal growth restriction (FGR) babies born very prematurely and assess the effect of FGR on brainstem neural maturation.

Methods: MLS BAER was recorded and analyzed at a mean 40 week postmenstrual age in babies born at 27-32 week gestation without other major perinatal conditions or problems. The data were compared between babies with FGR (n = 30) and age-matched babies without FGR (n = 34) to define any differences.

Postnatal abnormality in brainstem neural conduction in neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia survivors.

Objective: To investigate postnatal neural conduction in the auditory brainstem in neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) survivors.

Methods: Thirty-two very preterm BPD survivors were studied at 57-58 weeks of postconceptional age. Brainstem auditory-evoked response was studied using maximum length sequence.

The identification of biotransformation pathways for removing fishy malodor from Bangia fusco-purpurea using fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is effective in reducing the fishy malodor of sea products. However, the biotransformation pathways are still unclear. The seaweed B.

Functional status of brainstem auditory pathway in babies born below 30 week gestation with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Objective: Recent studies showed that neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) adversely affects the brainstem auditory pathway in babies born at 30-40 week gestation. We compared the functional status of the pathway between babies born below 30 week gestation with NEC and those without NEC for any differences to understand whether NEC also affects the pathway in babies born at a smaller gestation.

Method: Brainstem auditory evoked response was studied at term in NEC babies born below 30 week gestation.

The differences of muscle proteins between neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) and jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) mantles via physicochemical and proteomic analyses.

Neon flying squid (OB) and jumbo squid (DG) mantles were evaluated to reveal the similarities and differences in their physicochemical features and protein abundances. Microstructural results indicated that the OB mantle exhibited numerous myofibril fragments and disordered microstructures after frozen storage compared with DG tissues. Chemical analysis suggested that freezing resulted in a rapid decrease in myofibrillar protein (MP) content, Ca-ATPase activity, and total sulfhydryl content, and promoted the increase in carbonyl content of MPs in both OB and DG.

Postnatal functional status of the brainstem auditory pathway in term infants after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia.

Objectives: To examine postnatal changes in the impaired brainstem auditory pathway in term infants after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI).

Methods: Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) was studied at 2-4 months of age in term infants who suffered perinatal HI. The BAER data obtained at various click rates in these infants were compared with those in age-matched normal term controls to detect any abnormalities.

Brainstem auditory pathway function at four months of corrected postnatal age in preterm infants born below 30 week gestation.

Objective: Functional status of the brainstem auditory pathway was examined at four months of corrected postnatal age in infants born below 30 week gestation to assess the effect of very or extremely preterm birth on postnatal development of the pathway.

Methods: Thirty-four preterm infants born at 24-29 week gestation (GA24-29w) were studied at four months of corrected postnatal age. Normal controls were 38 postnatal age-matched term infants.

Suppressive Interaction Approach for Masking Stale Note of Instant Ripened Pu-Erh Tea Products.

The unpleasant stale note is a negative factor hindering the consumption of instant ripened Pu-erh tea products. This study focused on investigating volatile chemicals in instant ripened Pu-erh tea that could mask the stale note via sensory evaluation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) analyses. GC-MS and GC-O analyses showed that linalool, linalool oxides, -β-ionone, benzeneacetaldehyde, and methoxybenzenes were the major aroma contributors to the simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) extract of instant ripened Pu-erh tea.

Preparation of isoquercitrin by biotransformation of rutin using α-L-rhamnosidase from JMU-TS528 and HSCCC purification.

Isoquercitrin is a flavonoid with important applications in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. However, a low yield and high production cost hinders the industrial preparation of isoquercitrin. In the present study, isoquercitrin was prepared by biotransformation of rutin using α-L-rhamnosidase from JMU-TS528 combined with high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) purification.

Enhancement of the thermostability of Aspergillus niger α-l-rhamnosidase based on PoPMuSiC algorithm.

α-l-Rhamnosidase is a biotechnologically important enzyme in food industry and in the preparation of drugs and drug precursors. To expand the functionality of our previously cloned α-l-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus niger JMU-TS528, 14 mutants were constructed based on the changes of the folding free energy (ΔΔG), predicted by the PoPMuSiC algorithm. Among them, six single-site mutants displayed higher thermal stability than wild type (WT).

Water accelerated transformation of d-limonene induced by ultraviolet irradiation and air exposure.

d-Limonene is a fragrant chemical that widely exists in aromatic products. Isotopic labelling of water molecules plus GC-MS and GC-PCI-Q-TOF analyses were used to investigate the influence of water molecules on chemical transformation of d-limonene induced by UV irradiation and air exposure. The results showed that the synergistic effect of UV irradiation, air exposure and water presence could facilitate d-limonene transformation into the limonene oxides: p-mentha-2,8-dienols, hydroperoxides, carveols, l-carvone and carvone oxide.

Recovery and purification of limonin from pummelo [Citrus grandis] peel using water extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation and resin adsorption.

Limonin is a bioactive compound that is traditionally extracted from citrus seeds using organic solvents or alkaline/metal ion solutions. In the present study, pummelo [Citrus grandis] peel was investigated for limonin preparation using a novel process consisting of water extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation and resin adsorption. The pummelo peel was determined to have 4.

Short-term outcome of brainstem auditory function in term infants after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit.

Objectives: To examine short-term outcome of brainstem auditory function in term infants after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods: Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) was recorded and analysed at various click rates at 2-4 months of age in 43 term NICU graduates. The data were compared with those in age-matched normal controls.

Reduced wave amplitudes of brainstem auditory response in high-risk babies born at 28-32week gestation.

Objective: To examine brainstem auditory electrophysiology in high-risk babies born at 28-32week gestation by analysing the amplitudes of wave components in maximum length sequence brainstem auditory evoked response (MLS BAER).

Methods: 94 preterm babies, ranging in gestation 28-32weeks, with perinatal problems (high-risk) were recruited. The amplitudes of MLS BAER wave components were studied at term age (37-42weeks postconceptional age).

A longitudinal study of brainstem auditory response from birth to late term in late preterm babies and abnormal findings in high-risk babies.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine brainstem auditory function in late preterm babies from birth to late term and detect abnormality in high-risk babies.

Methods: A total of 125 babies born at 33-36 weeks' gestations were studied by longitudinally recording brainstem auditory evoked response from birth to postconceptional age (PCA) 42 weeks. The data were compared between 88 babies who had various perinatal problems (high-risk group) and 37 babies who had no major perinatal problems (healthy group).

Brainstem auditory evoked responses in small-for-gestational age babies born at 30 and less weeks of gestation.

Unlabelled: Brainstem auditory function in small-for-gestational age (SGA) babies born at 30 and less weeks of gestation is poorly understood. We recorded and analysed brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) at term in babies born at 26-30 weeks of gestation with a birthweight <3rd centile. Compared with normal term appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) babies, the preterm SGA babies showed a significant increase in all BAER wave latencies at all click rates of 21-91/s (p < 0.

Brainstem auditory response findings in very preterm babies in the intensive care unit.

Background: There is a need to increase our understanding of whether there is compromised brainstem auditory function in very preterm babies in intensive care.

Objectives: To evaluate brainstem auditory function in preterm babies born at 32 weeks of gestation or earlier in the intensive care unit to detect any abnormality and the prevalence of the abnormality.

Methods: We analyzed the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) at term in 156 babies born at 32 weeks of gestation or earlier in an intensive care unit.

Changes in amplitude-integrated electroencephalograms in piglets during selective mild head cooling after hypoxia-ischemia.

Background: Amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) is a simplified, alternative means of monitoring cerebral function and may be more useful clinically in some situations than conventional EEG. The aim of this study is to evaluate newborn piglets as an animal model to examine the effect of selective mild head cooling (HC) on aEEG after hypoxia-ischemia (HI).

Methods: Thirty-four piglets were randomly allocated to the following treatment groups: normothermic control group (NC, n = 7), selective HC control group (HC, n = 9), normothermic HI group (NHI, n = 9), and selective HC HI group (SHC-HI, n = 9).

[Changes in MLS-BAEP in newborn piglets with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage during selective moderate head cooling therapy].

Objective: To study the effect of selective moderate head cooling therapy on maximum length sequences brainstem auditory evoked potential (MLS-BAEP) in newborn piglets with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

Methods: Sixteen newborn piglets aged 5-7 day old were randomly divided into three groups: normothermic control (n=4), HI (n=6) and mild hypothermia-treated (n=6). HI was induced through temporary occlusion of both carotid arteries, followed by mechanical ventilation with low concentration of oxygen (FiO2=0.

Neural conduction abnormality in the brain stem and prevalence of the abnormality in late preterm infants with perinatal problems.

Unlabelled: Neurodevelopment in late preterm infants has recently attracted considerable interest. The prevalence of brain stem conduction abnormality remains unknown. We examined maximum length sequence brain stem auditory evoked response in 163 infants, born at 33-36 weeks gestation, who had various perinatal problems.

Relationship between brainstem auditory function during the neonatal period and depressed Apgar score.

Objective: To understand whether infants with depressed Apgar scores are at high risk of brainstem auditory impairment, we examined the relationship between brainstem auditory function during the neonatal period and depressed Apgar score.

Methods: Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) were recorded from day 1 to day 30 in 145 term infants with Apgar scores < or = 6.

Results: For 1-min Apgar score none of BAER response wave latencies and interpeak intervals during the first 15 days correlated significantly with the score.