Adverse effects of orthodontics: a report of 2 cases.

Adverse effects are results beyond the expected good outcomes of treatment. Like any other field in dentistry and medicine, orthodontics is not immune to such effects. The probability of adverse results in orthodontics increases when important rules and facts are ignored.

Role of basic biological sciences in clinical orthodontics: a case series.

Introduction: Orthodontic therapy is based on interaction between mechanics and biology. Basic biologic research aims at developing a better understanding of the mechanism of transformation of mechanical energy into biologic reactions, and exposing the reasons for iatrogenic tissue damage in orthodontics. Previous research has shown that inflammation is a major part of the biologic response to orthodontic forces.

TMJ osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis and immune system factors in a Japanese sample.

Objective: To determine whether there is an association between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis (OA) and immune system factors in a Japanese sample.

Materials And Methods: The records of 41 subjects (7 men, aged 22.0 +/- 3.

Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force.

Remodeling changes in paradental tissues are considered essential in effecting orthodontic tooth movement. The force-induced tissue strain produces local alterations in vascularity, as well as cellular and extracellular matrix reorganization, leading to the synthesis and release of various neurotransmitters, cytokines, growth factors, colony-stimulating factors, and metabolites of arachidonic acid. Recent research in the biological basis of tooth movement has provided detailed insight into molecular, cellular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic forces.