Microbiota Diversity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Gut and Mouth Cavity Microbiota Diversity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Lung malignancies have a substantial impact on cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Even though many factors involved in the development of the disease are known, many questions remain unanswered. Previous studies suggest that the intestinal microbiota may have a role in developing malignant diseases.

Challenges of in situ hybridization in miRNA analysis of triple-negative breast cancer morphological diversity.

miRNA expression in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) has mainly been studied from a methodological viewpoint. However, it has not been considered that miRNA expression profile may be associated with a specific morphological entity inside every tumor. The verification of this hypothesis on a set of 25 TNBCs was the subject of our previous work, where we confirmed specific expression of the studied miRNAs in 82 samples of different morphologies including inflammatory infiltrate, spindle cell, clear cell, and metastases after RNA extraction and purification as well as microchip and biostatistical analysis.

Global DNA methylation and increased DNMT3A expression in multiple myeloma patients.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the expression profile of selected DNA methyltransferases and global DNA methylation status in patients with different phases of multiple myeloma (MM) . For the analysis, different cellular populations including unsorted myeloma cells and a set of plasma cells purified by relevant antibodies were used. Consequently, laboratory data were compared to patients' clinical data.

Complex Alterations of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Phospholipidome Uncovered in Isolated Colon Cancer Epithelial Cells.

The development of colon cancer, one of the most common malignancies, is accompanied with numerous lipid alterations. However, analyses of whole tumor samples may not always provide an accurate description of specific changes occurring directly in tumor epithelial cells. Here, we analyzed in detail the phospholipid (PL), lysophospholipid (lysoPL), and fatty acid (FA) profiles of purified EpCAM cells, isolated from tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues of colon cancer patients.

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition and microRNA expression are associated with spindle and apocrine cell morphology in triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a morphologically and genetically heterogeneous group of breast cancers with uncertain prediction of biological behavior and response to therapy. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process characterized by loss of typical epithelial phenotype and acquisition of mesenchymal characteristics. Aberrant activation of EMT can aggravate the prognosis of patients with cancer, however, the mechanisms of EMT and role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in EMT activation is still unclear.

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome with familial manifestation.

Aims: The detection of odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) in the oral cavity is one of the main criteria for the clinical manifestation of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome - NBCCS). From a clinical point of view, we distinguish between "syndromic" and "sporadic" OKC. Syndromic cysts, often multifocal, may be an accidental finding on X-ray examination.

Gene Expression in Two Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines With Different P53 Functionality.

Background/aim: Multiple myeloma is a highly heterogeneous disease of clonal plasma cells. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are promising anticancer drugs but their precise mechanisms of actions are not well understood.

Materials And Methods: Cell-cycle regulation and pro-apoptotic effects of two histone deacetylase inhibitors, suberohydroxamic acid (SAHA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SBHA), were analyzed in multiple myeloma cell lines RPMI8226 and U266 with differing TP53 status using gene-expression analysis.

Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and their association with PD-L1 expression and DNA repair protein RAD51 in patients with resected non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Objectives: DNA repair proteins have emerged as potential predictors for immunotherapy response alongside PD-L1 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor mutational burden. We analyzed expression of PD-L1, TILs count and expression of the homologous recombination (HR) protein RAD51, as potential prognostic factors in patients with resected non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

Materials And Methods: Discovery set included 96 NSCLC patients from the University Hospital Olomouc (Czech Republic) and a replication set included 1109 NSCLC patients from University Hospital Zurich (Switzerland).

The Percentage of Free PSA and Urinary Markers Distinguish Prostate Cancer from Benign Hyperplasia and Contribute to a More Accurate Indication for Prostate Biopsy.

The main advantage of urinary biomarkers is their noninvasive character and the ability to detect multifocal prostate cancer (CaP). We have previously implemented a quadruplex assay of urinary markers into clinical practice ( and with normalization). In this study, we aimed to validate it in a larger cohort with serum PSA 2.

Molecular mechanisms of plant steroids and study of their interaction with nuclear receptors in prostate cancer cells.

Plant hormone brassinosteroids (BRs) have multiple important functions in plants. They have also been found to exhibit anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative activity. The experimental part of this article describes the effects of BR biosynthetic precursors on prostate cancer cells.

Phospholipid profiling enables to discriminate tumor- and non-tumor-derived human colon epithelial cells: Phospholipidome similarities and differences in colon cancer cell lines and in patient-derived cell samples.

Identification of changes of phospholipid (PL) composition occurring during colorectal cancer (CRC) development may help us to better understand their roles in CRC cells. Here, we used LC-MS/MS-based PL profiling of cell lines derived from normal colon mucosa, or isolated at distinct stages of CRC development, in order to study alterations of PL species potentially linked with cell transformation. We found that a detailed evaluation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS) classes allowed us to cluster the studied epithelial cell lines according to their origin: i) cells originally derived from normal colon tissue (NCM460, FHC); ii) cell lines derived from colon adenoma or less advanced differentiating adenocarcinoma cells (AA/C1, HT-29); or, iii) cells obtained by in vitro transformation of adenoma cells and advanced colon adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-116, AA/C1/SB10, SW480, SW620).

Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes/Plasmocytes in Chemotherapeutically Non-Influenced Triple-Negative Breast Cancers - Correlation with Morphological and Clinico-Pathological Parameters.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are considered a morphologically heterogeneous group of breast carcinomas characterized by the absence or low protein expression of hormone receptors and HER2/neu/ERBB2 with a specific biological behavior and therapeutic response. This study aimed to evaluate correlations of the density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes/plasmocytes (TILs) in the tumor parenchyma, stroma, and invasive margins with tumor morphology, the proliferation rate, Bcl-2 expression, and selected clinical and pathological parameters in early breast cancer patients prior to mastectomy who had not received initial chemotherapy.

Materials And Methods: Samples of 3,544 breast cancer patients investigated in our department between 2007 and 2017 were re-examined.

Real life adjuvant chemotherapy uptake and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer after complete resection.

Objectives: Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has become a standard of care in patients with stages IIA, IIB, and IIIA after complete tumor resection. Utilization and outcome of AC in routine practice is described in a few studies, with non-conclusive results.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients with NSCLC who underwent curative-intent surgery.

The novel brassinosteroid analog BR4848 inhibits angiogenesis in human endothelial cells and induces apoptosis in human cancer cells in vitro.

We report the synthesis and detailed biological study of the synthetic brassinosteroid analog 2α,3α-dihydroxy-6-oxo-5α-androstan-17β-yl N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-D,L-valinate (BR4848). The panel of cancer cell lines was used for characterization of its antiproliferative activity, yet had no adverse effects in normal human fibroblasts. In HeLa cells, BR4848-induced apoptosis was accompanied by increase of apoptotic subG cells, PARP-1 and caspase-7 fragmentation, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, an increase in caspase activity and G/M phase cell cycle arrest.

Age-associated prognostic and predictive biomarkers in patients with breast cancer.

To date, no comprehensive prognostic or predictive marker profiling analysis has been performed in association with the age of patients with breast cancer. In the present study, 632 breast cancer tissue samples were analyzed for expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 protein, HER2 gene amplification, proliferation [as evaluated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 index], tumor grade, histological type and molecular subtype. The data revealed correlations with the age of patients.

Transcriptome analysis reveals distinct gene expression profiles in astrocytoma grades II-IV.

Background: Astrocytoma is the most prevalent form of primary brain cancer categorized into four histological grades by the World Health Organization. Investigation into individual grades of astrocytoma by previous studies has provided some insight into dysregulation of regulatory networks associated with increasing astrocytoma grades. However, further understanding of key mechanisms that distinguish different astrocytoma grades is required to facilitate targeted therapies.

Clonality testing of lymphoproliferative disorders in a large cohort of primary and consultant biopsies.

Background: Lymphoproliferative disease often presents the clinician and pathologist with a diagnostic dilemma, particularly in the early course of the disease.

Methods: We used modified BIOMED-2 protocols to detect monoclonal expansions of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and T-cell receptor (TCR) genes in 957 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from 717 patients. To eliminate false-positive results, heteroduplex analysis was used after PCR reactions.

Prognostic and predictive value of loss of nuclear RAD51 immunoreactivity in resected non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Objectives: In response to DNA damage, recombination proteins are relocalized into sub-nuclear complexes that are microscopically detected as RAD51-containing nuclear foci. We aimed for assessing the prognostic and predictive value of loss of nuclear RAD51 immunoreactivity ('RAD51 loss') in 2 independent stage I to III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient cohorts undergoing surgical resection and eventual perioperative chemo-/radiotherapy (CT/RT).

Materials And Methods: The discovery set included 69 evaluable patients (19 adenocarcinomas, ADC, 50 squamous cell carcinomas, SCC) from Palacky University Hospital, 45/69 (65.

Cranberry intervention in patients with prostate cancer prior to radical prostatectomy. Clinical, pathological and laboratory findings.

Background And Objectives: Recently, we described an inverse association between cranberry supplementation and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) in patients with negative biopsy for prostate cancer (PCa) and chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. This double blind placebo controlled study evaluates the effects of cranberry consumption on PSA values and other markers in men with PCa before radical prostatectomy.

Methods: Prior to surgery, 64 patients with prostate cancer were randomized to a cranberry or placebo group.

Epigenetic modulation of AR gene expression in prostate cancer DU145 cells with the combination of sodium butyrate and 5'-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine.

The androgen receptor (AR) plays an essential role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a consequence of androgen deprivation therapy. Unchecked CRPC followed by metastasis is lethal.

Analytical validity of a microRNA-based assay for diagnosing indeterminate thyroid FNA smears from routinely prepared cytology slides.

Background: The majority of thyroid nodules are diagnosed using fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies. The authors recently described the clinical validation of a molecular microRNA-based assay, RosettaGX Reveal, which can diagnose thyroid nodules as benign or suspicious using a single stained FNA smear. This paper describes the analytical validation of the assay.

Structure activity relationship studies on cytotoxicity and the effects on steroid receptors of AB-functionalized cholestanes.

Structure-activity relationship analysis and profiling of a library of AB-functionalized cholestane derivatives closely related to brassinosteroids (BRs) were performed to examine their antiproliferative activities and activities on steroid hormone receptors. Some of the compounds were found to have strong cytotoxic activity in several human normal and cancer cell lines. The presence of a 3-hydroxy or 3-oxo group and 2,3-vicinal diol or 3,4-vicinal diol moiety were found to be necessary for optimum biological activity, as well as a six-membered B ring.

Frequency of chromosome 17 polysomy in relation to CEP17 copy number in a large breast cancer cohort.

Eligibility to anti-HER2 therapy for breast tumors strictly depends on demonstrating HER2 overexpression (by immunohistochemistry) or HER2 gene amplification by in situ hybridization (ISH), usually defined by the ratio of HER2 gene to chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) copies. However, the CEP17 copy number increase (CNI) has been proven responsible for misleading HER2 FISH results and recent small cohort studies suggest that chromosome 17 polysomy is actually very rare. Here we investigated by FISH the frequency of true chromosome 17 polysomy in a consecutive cohort of 5,477 invasive breast cancer patients.

Evaluation of HER2 Gene Status in Breast Cancer Samples with Indeterminate Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization by Quantitative Real-Time PCR.

Administration of drugs targeting HER2 (official symbol ERBB2) is an important component of therapy for breast cancer patients with HER2 amplification/overexpression as determined by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In approximately 5% of breast cancers, ISH assays fail. In these cases, HER2 protein expression is evaluated by IHC alone that may yield false negatives/positives for poor-quality samples.