Results of surgical therapy of functioning pituitary adenomas.

Introduction: Functioning pituitary adenomas lead to substantial morbidity and increased mortality associated with typical endocrine syndromes. Surgical therapy is an integral part of the management of these tumours. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of surgical transnasal procedures in patients with functioning pituitary adenomas who underwent the surgery at the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Olomouc.

Hypertension outcomes of adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism.

Purpose: To evaluate laboratory and clinical results after unilateral adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism (PHA).

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from patients who underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for PHA, between January 2008 and December 2019. Surgical indications were based on adrenal venous sampling without ACTH stimulation.

Deep Membrane Proteome Profiling Reveals Overexpression of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) in High-Risk Human Paraganglioma and Pheochromocytoma, Suggesting New Theranostic Opportunity.

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla or sympathetic or parasympathetic paraganglia, respectively. To identify new therapeutic targets, we performed a detailed membrane-focused proteomic analysis of five human paraganglioma (PGL) samples. Using the Pitchfork strategy, which combines specific enrichments of glycopeptides, hydrophobic transmembrane segments, and non-glycosylated extra-membrane peptides, we identified over 1800 integral membrane proteins (IMPs).

Adipocytokines in Graves' orbitopathy and the effect of high-dose corticosteroids.

Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a serious, progressive eye condition seen in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. GO is characterized by inflammation and swelling of soft orbital tissues. Adipose tissue produces cytokine mediators called adipokines.

Germline SUCLG2 Variants in Patients With Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma.

Background: Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are neuroendocrine tumors with frequent mutations in genes linked to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. However, no pathogenic variant has been found to date in succinyl-CoA ligase (SUCL), an enzyme that provides substrate for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH; mitochondrial complex II [CII]), a known tumor suppressor in PPGL.

Methods: A cohort of 352 patients with apparently sporadic PPGL underwent genetic testing using a panel of 54 genes developed at the National Institutes of Health, including the SUCLG2 subunit of SUCL.

[Differential diagnosis of hypoglycemia].

Our review summarizes the possible differential diagnoses of hypoglycemia. It confirms the absolute necessity of fulfilling all the three Whipple hypoglycemia criteria. Briefly is mentioned Clinical symptoms of hypoglycemia are briefly mentioned and several ways to classify the hypoglycemic events are offered.

Hypoglycemia as a Symptom of Neoplastic Disease, with a focus on Insulin-like Growth Factors Producing Tumors.

This article reviews the current knowledge of uncommon causes of hypoglycemia, with a focus on neoplastic disease. However, these situations are rare. They commonly accompany severely ill patients and therefore a proper diagnosis is the basis for relevant treatment.

Characteristic CT features of pheochromocytomas - probability model calculation tool based on a multicentric study.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the CT features of adrenal tumors in an effort to identify features specific to pheochromocytomas and second, to define a feasible probability calculation model.

Methods: This multicentric retrospective study included patients from the period 2003 to 2017 with an appropriate CT examination and a histological diagnosis of an adrenal adenoma, pheochromocytoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, or metastasis. In total, 346 patients were suitable for the CT image analysis, which included evaluation of the largest diameter, the shape of the lesion, the presence of central necrosis and its margins, and the presence of an enhancing peripheral rim ("ring sign").

An isolated Xp deletion is linked to autoimmune diseases in Turner syndrome.

Background Females with Turner syndrome (TS) are prone to develop autoimmune diseases (AIDs). The X chromosome contains several immune-related genes. Growth hormone (GH) and estrogens modulate the immune system.

Safe and effective percutaneous ethanol injection therapy of 200 thyroid cysts.

Introduction: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (US-PEIT) is a minimally invasive procedure that may be performed as an alternative to surgery for the treatment of recurrent symptomatic thyroid cysts for which simple aspiration failed. The present study aimed at assessing US-PEIT in a large cohort of patients, identifying factors influencing treatment outcome.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 193 patients with 200 thyroid cysts who underwent US-PEIT in 2004-2018.

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS WITH GRAVES ORBITOPATHY TREATED BY PULSES OF METHYLPREDNISOLONE, WITH A FOCUS ON ADVERSE EVENTS.

Objective: Graves orbitopathy (GO) is an extrathyroidal manifestation of autoimmune thyroid disease. Early treatment with glucocorticoids in appropriately selected patients is recommended for active, moderate to severe, and sight-threatening disease. The recently published European Group on Graves Orbitopathy guidelines re-evaluated the recommended doses of intravenous methylprednisolone (ivMP) in response to the potential for adverse effects.

Targeting NAD/PARP DNA Repair Pathway as a Novel Therapeutic Approach to -Mutated Cluster I Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma.

Cluster I pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCPGs) tend to develop malignant transformation, tumor recurrence, and multiplicity. Transcriptomic profiling suggests that cluster I PCPGs and other related tumors exhibit distinctive changes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the hypoxia signaling pathway, mitochondrial electron transport chain, and methylation status, suggesting that therapeutic regimen might be optimized by targeting these signature molecular pathways. In the present study, we investigated the molecular signatures in clinical specimens from cluster I PCPGs in comparison with cluster II PCPGs that are related to kinase signaling and often present as benign tumors.

Clinical and immunological changes in patients with active moderate-to-severe Graves' orbitopathy treated with very low-dose rituximab.

Introduction: Glucocorticoids represent the therapy of choice for active and moderate-to-severe Graves' orbitopathy (GO). In some patients, rituximab, a monoclonal antibody against the cluster of differentiation (CD) 20 receptor of B-lymphocytes, can serve as a second-line or an alternative treatment. The effect of very low-dose of rituximab on the clinical activity of GO and corresponding clinical or laboratory changes is reported.

[Symptomatic and asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism in outpatient care - current issues].

Objective: To assess the diagnostic and therapeutic options in the care of patients with primary hyperparathyreosis in outpatient practice.Cohort and methods: The study included all the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism treated at the 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Masaryk University and the University Hospital of St. Anne in Brno in the period from Jan 1, 2008 to Dec 31, 2013.

[Endocrine orbitopathy - the topic still alive].

Endocrine orbitopathy (EO) must be understood mainly as a result of oxidative stress. The pathological process finally affects both the appearance and vision of the patient. In the case of inappropriate or late treatment or lack of patient cooperation, it significantly influences the quality of life of those affected.

[Hypoglycemia as a symptom of cancer in adults].

Unlabelled: Decrease of blood glucose levels below 3 mmol/l is in fully developed cases accompanied by neuroglycopenic symptoms that may even lead to altered state of consciousness. The treating physician frequently faces a complicated situation. This may be due to inappropriately administered drugs including cases motivated by self-harm intentions (insulin, insulin secretagogues), or alcohol abuse.

PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, WITH A FOCUS ON MANAGEMENT OF THE NORMOCALCEMIC FORM: TO TREAT OR NOT TO TREAT?

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine reasonable care for normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NCPHPT) patients treated at the endocrine clinic.

Methods: The study is based on 218 outpatient cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), 187 (86%) of whom were NCPHPT. Subjective complaints, biochemical tests, imaging, and treatment outcome for NCPHPT patients were monitored and compared with the same parameters in patients with hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism.

Insulin-like Growth Factors in a clinical setting: Review of IGF-I.

Interest in growth hormone (GH) is inextricably linked to the need for in depth understanding of the somatomedins (insulin-like growth factors) which are polypeptides structurally similar to insulin and with broad physiological activity. To date, the most commonly known is Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I). Despite considerable current knowledge of IGF-I, however, its bioactivity is incompletely understood.

Inhibitory Effect of the Noncamptothecin Topoisomerase I Inhibitor LMP-400 on Female Mice Models and Human Pheochromocytoma Cells.

Metastatic pheochromocytoma continues to be an incurable disease, and treatment with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy offers limited efficacy. In the present study, we evaluated a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor, LMP-400, as a potential treatment for this devastating disease. We found a high expression of topoisomerase I in human metastatic pheochromocytoma, providing a basis for the evaluation of a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor as a therapeutic strategy.

Brain metastases of parathyroid carcinoma: Review of the literature and a case report.

Background: Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare tumor typically presenting with marked elevations of serum calcium concentrations and associated renal and skeletal symptoms. Parathyroid carcinoma grows slowly, but may recur in regional lymph nodes, and, in about 25% of patients, metastasizes to the lungs.

Method: Description of a new case and review of the literature.

Outcomes of adrenalectomy in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism--a single centre experience.

Introduction: Primary hyperaldosteronism is a common cause of secondary hypertension. In patients with proven unilateral overproduction of aldosterone adrenalectomy can cure hyperaldosteronism with high probability and a positive effect on hypertension. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of unilateral adrenalectomy on blood pressure and laboratory parameters.

The size of the primary tumor and age at initial diagnosis are independent predictors of the metastatic behavior and survival of patients with SDHB-related pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) mutations are associated with aggressive pheochromocytoma (PHEO)/paraganglioma (PGL) behavior, often resulting in metastatic disease and fatal outcomes. These tumors are often larger, extra-adrenal, and contain lower catecholamine concentrations than other hereditary PHEOs/PGLs. This study evaluated the size and age at diagnosis of primary SDHB-related PHEOs/PGLs as independent predictors of their metastatic behavior and outcome (survival).