Differential bone morphology and hypoxia activity in skeletal metastases of ER and ER breast cancer.

Bone metastases occur in the majority of advanced breast cancer patients, and the most common complications are osteolytic bone metastases. However, due to the limitations of models and methodologies for bone metastasis studies, the intricacies of bone metastasis have not been fully acknowledged and revealed in prior work. Our earlier study indicated that certain breast cancer cells undergo a pre-osteolytic stage before the establishment of overt metastatic lesions.

Adding corticosteroids to intra-operative periarticular injections in total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review.

Background: Adding corticosteroids to intraoperative periarticular injections (PAIs) have become a current trend in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Periarticular corticosteroid injections (PACSIs) intend to improve postoperative pain and function. However, preoperative corticosteroid injections for symptomatic arthritis increase the rates of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) when given months prior to TKA.

Unbiased metastatic niche-labeling identifies estrogen receptor-positive macrophages as a barrier of T cell infiltration during bone colonization.

Unlabelled: Microenvironment niches determine cellular fates of metastatic cancer cells. However, robust and unbiased approaches to identify niche components and their molecular profiles are lacking. We established Sortase A-Based Microenvironment Niche Tagging (SAMENT), which selectively labels cells encountered by cancer cells during metastatic colonization.

Missed Visits Predict Recurrence in Idiopathic Clubfoot.

Background: Congenital talipes equinovarus, also known as "clubfoot," is a common congenital deformity. While reported relapse rates vary widely, relapse continues to be a common problem faced in the treatment of this condition. The objective of this study is to assess relationships between demographic/socioeconomic factors, follow-up, and rates of relapse in our population of clubfoot patients.

Higher Cumulative Dose of Opioids and Other Sedatives are Associated with Extubation Failure in Norwood Patients.

Background: The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between sedation usage and extubation failure, and to control for the effects of hemodynamic, oximetric indices, clinical characteristics, ventilatory settings pre- and post-extubation, and echocardiographic (echo) findings in neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) post-Norwood procedure.

Methods: Single-center, retrospective analysis of Norwood patients during their first extubation post-surgery from January 2015 to July 2021. Extubation failure was defined as reintubation within 48 h of extubation.

Bone Metastasis Initiation Is Coupled with Bone Remodeling through Osteogenic Differentiation of NG2+ Cells.

Unlabelled: The bone microenvironment is dynamic and undergoes remodeling in normal and pathologic conditions. Whether such remodeling affects disseminated tumor cells (DTC) and bone metastasis remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that pathologic fractures increase metastatic colonization around the injury.

Inflammatory stimuli alter bone marrow composition and compromise bone health in the malnourished host.

Inflammation has a role in the pathogenesis of childhood malnutrition. We investigated the effect of malnutrition and inflammatory challenge on bone marrow composition and bone health. We studied an established murine model of moderate acute malnutrition at baseline and after acute inflammatory challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a surrogate of Gram-negative bacterial sepsis, or , the cause of visceral leishmaniasis.

Optimization and Characterization of a Bone Culture Model to Study Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis.

Nearly 90% of patients with advanced prostate cancer manifest bone metastases. Distinct from the osteolytic metastasis mostly observed in other cancer types, prostate cancer bone metastasis is typically more osteoblastic, which is relatively understudied due to the lack of reliable and efficient models to resemble the indolent cellular growth and complexity of metastatic progression. In our previous studies, we developed bone-in-culture array (BICA) to primarily model the osteoblast-involved, pre-osteolytic stage of breast cancer bone metastasis.

The Legal, Ethical, and Scientific Considerations for Returning Explanted Orthopaedic Hardware to the Patient.

Orthopaedic hardware explantation is a multifaceted topic with complex legal, ethical, and scientific aspects that require thorough exploration. Issues of device ownership, explant-induced disease propagation, and potential device resale pose legal risks to providers and health-care institutions. Ethically, implant removal highlights the potential that performing procedures at the request of the patient will incentivize patient compliance and strengthen the patient-surgeon relationship.

A Population of M2 Macrophages Associated With Bone Formation.

We previously identified transient brown adipocyte-like cells associated with heterotopic ossification (HO). These ancillary cells support new vessel synthesis essential to bone formation. Recent studies have shown that the M2 macrophage contributes to tissue regeneration in a similar way.

Acute and severe trabecular bone loss in a rat model of critical illness myopathy.

Prolonged mechanical ventilation for critically ill patients with respiratory distress can result in severe muscle wasting with preferential loss of myosin. Systemic inflammation triggered by lung mechanical injury likely contributes to this myopathy, although the exact mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that muscle wasting following mechanical ventilation is accompanied by bone loss.

Osteofibrous dysplasia and adamantinoma: A summary of diagnostic challenges and surgical techniques.

Osteofibrous dysplasia is an indolent benign fibro-osseous tumor, while adamantinoma is a locally aggressive biphasic malignancy with epithelial and fibro-osseous components. Predominantly arising in the tibial diaphysis of children and young adults, both tumors are resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. Wide surgical resection is regarded as the mainstay of therapy for adamantinoma, and limb-salvage reconstructive procedures can achieve good functional outcomes, albeit with non-negligible rates of complications.

The bone microenvironment increases phenotypic plasticity of ER breast cancer cells.

Estrogen receptor-positive (ER) breast cancer exhibits a strong bone tropism in metastasis. How the bone microenvironment (BME) impacts ER signaling and endocrine therapy remains poorly understood. Here, we discover that the osteogenic niche transiently and reversibly reduces ER expression and activities specifically in bone micrometastases (BMMs), leading to endocrine resistance.

A replicating stem-like cell that contributes to bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced heterotopic bone formation.

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced heterotopic bone formation (HBF) starts synchronously from zero upon BMP2 induction, which is advantageous for lineage tracking. The studies reported here in GLAST-Cre :tdTomato red (TR) mice during BMP2-induced HBF show 78.8 ± 11.

Clinical Considerations for Return to Driving a Car following a Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to systematically review patient characteristics and clinical determinants that may influence return to driving status and time frames following a primary TKA or THA and provide an update of the current literature.

Methods: This review was completed per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Final electronic database searches were completed in October 2019 in Medline/PubMed, Medline/OVID, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Cochrane Library using preselected search terms.

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving a Primary Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to explore clinical characteristics of patients with T2DM receiving a primary knee (TKA) or hip (THA) arthroplasty to patients without T2DM receiving a TKA or THA and patients with T2DM with no history of osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: The study included a retrospective database review of 500 consecutive primary TKA or THA identified with ICD-9 codes and 100 consecutive T2DM patients. Patients who received a TKA or THA were screened for inclusion and exclusion and divided into with or without T2DM groups.

Biomechanical Evaluation of Dual Plate Configurations for Femoral Shaft Fracture Fixation.

Aim: This study aimed at comparing the mechanical properties of conventional and locking dual plates in adjacent and orthogonal orientations for the surgical fixation of transverse femoral shaft fractures. It also assessed the failure mechanics after dual adjacent and orthogonal locking plate removal.

Methods: Thirty-two composite femurs were transversally osteotomized and randomly assigned for fixation with either dual locking or compression plates in an adjacent or orthogonal configuration.

Characterization of neuromas in peripheral nerves and their effects on heterotopic bone formation.

The formation of neuromas involves expansion of the cellular components of peripheral nerves. The onset of these disorganized tumors involves activation of sensory nerves and neuroinflammation. Particularly problematic in neuroma is arborization of axons leading to extreme, neuropathic pain.

Quadriceps augmentation of undersized hamstrings during ACL reconstruction.

Background: Double hamstring autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a well-established graft option; however, a major concern with this method arises when the prepared graft is too small. Resorting to allograft can be a solution to this problem, but some surgeons prefer to use autograft in particular situations and some patients may refuse allograft. We investigate the merits of using autogenous quadriceps tendons to augment the insufficient hamstrings and compare the autograft composite graft to a standard hamstrings graft of equal size.

The Osteogenic Niche Is a Calcium Reservoir of Bone Micrometastases and Confers Unexpected Therapeutic Vulnerability.

The fate of disseminated tumor cells is largely determined by microenvironment (ME) niche. The osteogenic niche promotes cancer cell proliferation and bone metastasis progression. We investigated the underlying mechanisms using pre-clinical models and analyses of clinical data.

Trauma-Induced Heterotopic Ossification Regulates the Blood-Nerve Barrier.

bone formation can occur in soft tissues as a result of traumatic injury. This process, known as heterotopic ossification (HO), has recently been linked to the peripheral nervous system. Studies suggest that HO may resemble neural crest-derived bone formation and is activated through the release of key bone matrix proteins leading to opening of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB).

Is heterotopic ossification getting nervous?: The role of the peripheral nervous system in heterotopic ossification.

Heterotopic ossification (HO), or de novo bone formation in soft tissue, is often observed following traumatic injury. Recent studies suggest that peripheral nerves may play a key functional role in this process. The results supporting a neurological basis for HO are examined in this article.