EXPERIMENTAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROXYAPATITE-CONTAINING OSTEOTROPIC MATERIAL AND ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON REPARATIVE OSTEOGENESIS OF THE LOWER JAW.

Objective: Aim: The aim of the study was to reveal the peculiarities of reparative osteogenesis in experimental lower jaw defect under the conditions of hydroxyapatite-containing osteotropic material application and electrical stimulation.

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: An experiment was conducted on 48 mature male rats of the WAG population. All animals were divided into 4 groups (12 animals in each group).

MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LUNGS IN POST-COVID-19 SYNDROME: ANALYSIS OF AUTOPSY MATERIAL.

Objective: The aim was to reveal the morphological features of the lungs in post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The material of the study was autopsy material - fragments of the lung tissue from 96 deceased (59 men and 37 women). During the lifetime, all patients had in anamnesis COVID-19 of varying severity, and after the treatment of this infection, they had various manifestations of respiratory failure until death.

Evidence of causal effects of blood pressure on back pain and back pain on type II diabetes provided by a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Background Context: Cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type II diabetes) have been proposed as risk factors for back pain. However, few longitudinal studies have found significant associations between cardiovascular risk factors and back pain, and these may be explained by confounding or reverse causation.

Purpose: To examine potential causal effects of cardiovascular risk factors on back pain, and vice versa.

An increase in mitochondrial TOM activates apoptosis to drive retinal neurodegeneration.

Intronic polymorphic TOMM40 variants increasing TOMM40 mRNA expression are strongly correlated to late onset Alzheimer's Disease. The gene product, hTomm40, encoded in the APOE gene cluster, is a core component of TOM, the translocase that imports nascent proteins across the mitochondrial outer membrane. We used Drosophila melanogaster eyes as an in vivo model to investigate the relationship between elevated Tom40 (the Drosophila homologue of hTomm40) expression and neurodegeneration.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 AND IN POST-COVID-19 PERIOD.

Objective: The aim: To reveal the morphological and functional features of the mucous membrane of small and large intestine in patients with COVID-19 and in post-COVID-19 period.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: In the present study, the authors used biopsy and autopsy material represented by the fragments of the mucous membrane of small and large intestine. All studied material was divided into 10 groups.

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) as intervention: A cross-sectional analysis of characteristics of 173 registered clinical trials.

Background: To examine fundamental characteristics of clinical trials with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) as intervention on world major clinical trials registry platform.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of clinical trials with TDM as intervention that were registered on WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) or ClinicalTrials.gov.

Causal effects of psychosocial factors on chronic back pain: a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study.

Purpose: Risk factors for chronic back pain (CBP) may share underlying genetic factors, making them difficult to study using conventional methods. We conducted a bi-directional Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to examine the causal effects of risk factors (education, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep and depression) on CBP and the causal effect of CBP on the same risk factors.

Methods: Genetic instruments for risk factors and CBP were obtained from the largest published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of risk factor traits conducted in individuals of European ancestry.

[Current view on the issue of insufficient effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy for age-related macular degeneration].

Due to the significant medical and social importance of neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (wAMD), increasing the effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy used to treat this disease is one of the high-priority problems in modern retinology. This article focuses on pathobiological aspects and clinical manifestations of incomplete responses to anti-VEGF therapy of wAMD, considers the proposed ways to improve the terminology and classification of responses to therapy, as well as the assessment of its correctness and effectiveness of the treatment. It also discusses the available ways to optimize anti-VEGF therapy and define the criteria of its termination in cases when the treatment proves to be futile.

[Anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: causes of incomplete response].

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is one of the leading causes of decreased vision in the elderly population in many countries, including Russia. Anti-VEGF therapy is undoubtedly the «gold standard» of treatment for the disease, but its use in different patients is known to produce results with significant interindividual differences. This article reviews modern ideas about the clinical assessment of the degree of response to anti-VEGF therapy, possible reasons for its insufficient effectiveness (clinical, pharmacological, or related to nAMD pathogenesis), discusses the potential applications of the existing therapeutic strategies, and considers the prospects for the emergence of new strategies that could be used for solving that problem.

Genetic Regulation of Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation.

Defining the genetic components that control glycosylation of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is an ongoing effort, which has so far been addressed by means of heritability, linkage and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Unlike the synthesis of proteins, N-glycosylation biosynthesis is not a template-driven process, but rather a complex process regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. Current heritability studies have shown that while up to 75% of the variation in levels of some IgG glycan traits can be explained by genetics, some glycan traits are completely defined by environmental influences.

Targeting B cells in the pre-phase of systemic autoimmunity globally interferes with autoimmune pathology.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a loss of self-tolerance, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ damage. While a variety of therapeutic interventions are available, it has become clear that an early diagnosis and treatment may be key to achieve long lasting therapeutic responses and to limit irreversible organ damage. Loss of humoral tolerance including the appearance of self-reactive antibodies can be detected years before the actual onset of the clinical autoimmune disease, representing a potential early point of intervention.

Luminescent Analysis of Blood Serum for Diagnostics of Pathological and Pre-Pathological States of Cancer Patients.

This study is devoted to the development of a methodological approach to mathematical analysis and data interpretation of blood serum phosphorescence intensity in cancer patients for determining the pathological states and differential diagnostics of oncological process stages. The purpose of the study is blood serum phosphorescence research in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and stomach adenocarcinoma (SAC) and determination of the ultraweak luminescence role for diagnostics of the disease, determining its stages, control of pathogenetic therapy efficiency and forecast of recovery. The values of phosphorescence intensity of blood serum films in patients with CRC and SAC are significantly higher than the corresponding values for the control group.

[Betahistine in vestibular disorders: current concepts and perspectives].

The goal of this paper is to review the pharmacological profile of betahistine and evidence for using it in the treatment of common vestibular disorders. Betahistine is a weak agonist for histamine H1 receptors and strong antagonist for histamine H3 receptors. It demonstrates the maximum benefit in different types of peripheral vertigo, especially in Meniere's disease.

Multivariate genome-wide analysis of immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation identifies new loci pleiotropic with immune function.

The N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) affects its structure and function. It has been demonstrated that IgG N-glycosylation patterns are inherited as complex quantitative traits. Genome-wide association studies identified loci harboring genes encoding enzymes directly involved in protein glycosylation as well as loci likely to be involved in regulation of glycosylation biochemical pathways.

[Age-related macular degeneration and diabetic eye lesion. Socio-economic aspects].

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) comprise a significant socio-medical problem for Russia. The article presents an analysis aimed at identifying the prerequisites for further research on the socio-economic consequences of retinal pathology. Studying the epidemiological aspects of DR and AMD, as well as the conditions for receiving medical aid helped define the main approaches to assessing the economic burden of retinal diseases in Russia.

[DIGITAL TOMOSYNTHESIS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS: OPPORTUNITIES AND PROMISES (REVIEW)].

Digital tomosynthesis (TS) are modern methods of low-dose x-ray diagnostics, which allows to obtain a significant number of layered images with the possibility of volumetric image reconstruction. The technology makes it possible to analyze a vast anatomical zone in one pass of the x-ray tube, to diagnose difficult-to-distinguish pathological changes that are not visible in digital radiography without losing the quality of the images, which is especially important in pediatric practice. The present literature data is devoted to the possibilities of using TS in the diagnosis of a wide range of diseases in children, as well as the prospects for further development of the methods to solve specific problems associated with the examination of children's patients.

[Protocol of intravitreal drug delivery. Consensus of the Expert Counsil of Retina and Optic Nerve Diseases of the All-Russian Public Organasation «Association of Ophthalmologists»].

Intravitreal drug administration is a procedure that has become widespread in modern ophthalmology. However, there is no global consensus on certain aspects of this manipulation, and practitioners feel the need for guidelines. In the Russian Federation, until now, such a document was not available.

MYC in Brain Development and Cancer.

The MYC family of transcriptional regulators play significant roles in animal development, including the renewal and maintenance of stem cells. Not surprisingly, given MYC's capacity to promote programs of proliferative cell growth, MYC is frequently upregulated in cancer. Although members of the MYC family are upregulated in nervous system tumours, the mechanisms of how elevated MYC promotes stem cell-driven brain cancers is unknown.

Transcriptional repression of Myc underlies the tumour suppressor function of AGO1 in .

Here, we report novel tumour suppressor activity for the Argonaute family RNA-binding protein AGO1, a component of the miRNA-dependent RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The mechanism for growth inhibition does not, however, involve canonical roles as part of the RISC; rather, AGO1 controls cell and tissue growth by functioning as a direct transcriptional repressor of the master regulator of growth, Myc. AGO1 depletion in wing imaginal discs drives a significant increase in ribosome biogenesis, nucleolar expansion and cell growth in a manner dependent on Myc abundance.

Replication of 15 loci involved in human plasma protein N-glycosylation in 4802 samples from four cohorts.

Human protein glycosylation is a complex process, and its in vivo regulation is poorly understood. Changes in glycosylation patterns are associated with many human diseases and conditions. Understanding the biological determinants of protein glycome provides a basis for future diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Fc-Linked IgG -Glycosylation in FcγR Knock-Out Mice.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant immunoglobulin isotype in the blood and is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. Glycosylation of the IgG fragment crystallizable (Fc) region is shown to vary in different physiological and pathological states. Fc -glycan composition can alter the effector functions of IgG by modulating its affinity for ligands, such as Fcγ receptors (FcγRs).

Nebulized Inhaled Corticosteroids in Asthma Treatment in Children 5 Years or Younger: A Systematic Review and Global Expert Analysis.

Although nebulized corticosteroids (NebCSs) are a key treatment option for young children with asthma or viral-induced wheezing (VIW), there are no uniform recommendations on their best use. This systematic review aimed to clarify the role of NebCSs in children 5 years or younger for the management of acute asthma exacerbations, asthma maintenance therapy, and the treatment of VIW. Electronic databases were used to identify relevant English language articles with no date restrictions.