[Multidisciplinary consensus on the use of Cereton drug in treatment of central nervous system diseases with cognitive impairments of congenital and acquired origin in children. Resolution of the multidisciplinary panel of experts].

Interdisciplinary consensus on the use of Cereton in the treatment of central nervous system diseases with cognitive impairment of congenital and acquired genesis in children. Resolution of the interdisciplinary council of expertsXXIII All-Russian Forum "Zdravnitsa-2024".

[Anxiety disorders as comorbid conditions in neuropsychiatric diseases in children].

The variants of heterotypic comorbidity of anxiety disorders (AD) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, speech and language development disorders, specific learning disabilities (dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia), migraine, tension type headache in children and adolescents are discussed. In cases of heterotypic comorbidity the patients with AD referrals to specialists may be primarily associated with their emotional problems. Meanwhile, the comorbidity of AD with these diseases leads to a deterioration of their clinical manifestations and a worsening of the prognosis, and anxiety symptoms often not only persist, but also increase with age.

[Differential diagnosis of epileptogenic substrates of unknown etiology using a modification of the routine MRI protocol].

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of modifying the standard MRI protocol as part of an interdisciplinary presurgical examination of patients with epileptogenic substrates of unknown etiology.

Material And Methods: The results of dynamic MRI of 8 patients with a referral diagnosis of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) were analyzed. In 7 patients, epilepsy was the reason for a standard MRI of the brain; in another patient with myasthenia, MRI was performed as part of a comprehensive examination.

[Neuropathy in n-hexane poisoning].

N-Hexane is a solvent widely used in manufacturing as a cleaner, degreaser and component of rubber cement. Chronic exposure to -hexane either through contact with unprotected skin or inhalation can lead to the development of clinical symptoms and electrophysiological changes similar to those of inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy which requires careful differential diagnosis. This article presents three cases of severe predominantly motor polyneuropathy with demyelinating features in 15- and 16-year-old adolescents.

[Neuroradiological and pathohistological markers of the main epileptogenic substrates in children. Other cerebral disorders].

High-resolution MRI is an important tool in the diagnosis of structural epilepsy |in determining the seizure initiation zones, identification of the mechanisms of epileptogenesis in predicting outcomes and preventing postoperative complications in patients. In this article we have tried to demonstrate the neuroradiological and pathohistological characteristics of the main epileptogenic substrates in children using modern classification. The second part of the article is devoted to the spectrum of epileptogenic cerebral disorders, in addition to cortical malformations.

[The possibilities of Mexidol usage in neuropediatrics].

Mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) is a modern neurometabolic medication increasingly being used in neuropediatrics. The results of recent studies confirming the positive effects of Mexidol pharmacotherapy in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), perinatal damages of the central nervous system (hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy) and their consequences, neurological disorders and neurodevelopmental delay after surgery for congenital heart defects, neuroinfections (meningitis, encephalitis), posttraumatic epilepsy. Taking into account the unique multimodal action of Mexidol, it seems promising to expand the range of indications for its application in neuropediatrics, based on the results of new clinical trials organized in accordance with modern principles of evidence-based medicine.

[Guillain-Barre syndrome in children].

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nervous system that can occur in both children and adults. The classic presentation of GBS is characterized by progressive symmetrical, ascending muscle weakness. Patients with GBS require meticulous monitoring due to the risk of bulbar syndrome, respiratory failure and autonomic dysfunction, which can be life-threatening.

[Neuroradiological and pathohistological markers of the main epileptogenic substrates in children.Cortical malformations].

High-resolution MRI is an important tool in the diagnosis of structural epilepsy in determining the seizure initiation zones, identification of the mechanisms of epileptogenesis in predicting outcomes and preventing postoperative complications in patients. In this article we demonstrate the neuroradiological and pathohistological characteristics of the main epileptogenic substrates in children using modern classification. The first part of the article is devoted to cortical malformations as the most common epileptogenic cerebral disorders.

[Treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial].

Objective: Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the new drug Prospekta in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients aged 7-12 years.

Material And Methods: A multicenter (35 clinical centres) double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial enrolled 363 patients. The mean age was 9.

[A case of epilepsy, movement disorders associated with a mutation in the PDHA1 gene in a preschool child].

Deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1-alpha subunit is a rare genetic disease with X-linked dominant inheritance. The clinical spectrum of the disease is extremely wide: from lethal forms in children of the first year of life with lactic acidosis to chronic neurological manifestations with structural changes in the central nervous system without increasing the level of lactate in the blood. The authors report a case of this disease in a preschool child and present the results of laboratory and instrumental studies.

[The presurgical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy].

Comprehensive multimodal examination of patients with focal refractory epilepsies is currently a prerequisite for high-quality pre-surgical diagnostics, which aims not only to expand the indications for radical treatment of epilepsy, but also to avoid the appearance of severe postoperative deficits. High-resolution MRI plays a key role in preoperative assessment. In this review, we illustrate the modern aspects of a pre-surgical diagnostical complex in examinations of patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy, including the possibilities of neuroimaging.

[Results of a multicentre double-blind randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of Mexidol in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children (MEGA)].

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens of Mexidol film-coated tablets, 125 mg («RPC «PHARMASOFT» LLC Russia), compared with placebo in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) aged 6 to 12 years.

Material And Methods: A multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 3 parallel groups was conducted in 14 clinical centres of the Russian Federation to assess efficacy and safety of Mexidol film-coated tablets, 125 mg («RPC «PHARMASOFT» LLC Russia) in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 6-12 years old with different dosing regimens. The study involved 333 boys and girls aged 6 to 12 years with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD established in accordance with ICD-10 and DSM-5 criteria.

[Neurodevelopmental disorders in children and the possibilities of their pharmacotherapy].

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) are characterized by disturbances of the formation of cognitive functions, communication skills, behavior characteristics and/or motor skills, which are caused by abnormalities in the course of the processes of neuroontogenesis. In the clinical practice of a pediatric neurologist and pediatrician, a significant part consists of patients with NDD without a general decrease in intelligence, primarily with speech development disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), specific learning disorders (dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia). NDD represent a heterogeneous group of diseases, having multifactorial origin and a neurobiological nature, which are caused by genetic mechanisms and early (perinatal) brain damage.

[The effect of the use of the drug recognan (citicoline) on the state of higher mental functions in patients with mild cognitive impairment].

Objective: The aim of the observational program was to study the effect of the use of the drug recognan (citicoline) on the state of higher mental functions (memory, attention, visual-motor coordination, dynamic praxis,verbal thinking and imagination) in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Material And Methods: A survey of 54 subjects (16 of them male and 38 female) aged 18-50 years (average age 28.5±10.

Pediatric Encephalopathy: Clinical, Biochemical and Cellular Insights into the Role of Gln52 of and for the Dominant Disease.

Heterotrimeric G proteins are immediate transducers of G protein-coupled receptors-the biggest receptor family in metazoans-and play innumerate functions in health and disease. A set of de novo point mutations in and , the genes encoding the α-subunits (Gαo and Gαi1, respectively) of the heterotrimeric G proteins, have been described to cause pediatric encephalopathies represented by epileptic seizures, movement disorders, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and signs of neurodegeneration. Among such mutations, the Gln52Pro substitutions have been previously identified in and .

[Results of the round table: modern approaches to drug therapy of cognitive impairment in cerebrovascular pathology].

On June 25-26, 2021, a round table was held in Kazan with the participation of leading neurologists of Russia, where the issues of treatment of patients with cognitive impairment due to cerebrovascular diseases were discussed. Cognitive disorders of vascular genesis (VCD) are widespread in the population, are a common cause of a decrease in the quality of life and restriction of daily activity. The cause of VCD is both acute and chronic cerebrovascular diseases.

[The structural basis of epileptogenesis in an adult patient: the comprehensive diagnostics experience].

On the example of the diagnosis of the structural basis of focal epilepsy in an adult patient, the possibilities of a multimodal and interdisciplinary approach to diagnosis, combining the latest methods of neuroimaging with the results of neurophysiological examinations, are considered. The interaction and high qualification of specialists in epileptology, neuroradiology and pathomorphology provide a high probability to determine the cause of the focal forms of epilepsy. Along with the introduction of super-inductive MR systems, it is important to use their capabilities correctly and optimize the scanning protocol for the individual characteristics of the patient.

[The influence of the drug recognan (citicoline) on neurodynamic characteristics of mental activity in patients with mild cognitive impairment].

Objective: The aim of the study was to study the effect of the drug recognan (citicoline) on the neurodynamic characteristics of mental activity in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Material And Methods: A survey of 58 subjects (17 of them male and 41 female) aged 18-45 years (average age 27.2±12.

[Features of the neuroradiological picture of ganglioglioma on the example of 20 clinical cases].

Objective: To analyze the images obtained during pre-surgical neuroimaging in patients with gangliomas for the presence of specific signs and verification of the neoplastic process.

Material And Methods: The results of presurgical MRI (3.0, 1.

[Developmental dysphasia in children: a comparison of the effectiveness of two modes of peptidergic nootropic therapy].

Objective: To study the therapeutic efficacy of two treatment modes of peptidergic nootropic medication cortexin in children with developmental dysphasia aged 3-4 years.

Material And Methods: Ninety-four children with developmental dysphasia were divided into three groups. In group 1 (27 patients), cortexin was administered once a day intramuscularly for 10 days.

[Features of neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 in children and adults].

The number of COVID-19 patients is increasing worldwide and the number of patients with neurological manifestations of a new coronavirus infection is increasing as well. Pathognomonic for COVID-19 is the presence of cephalgic syndrome, infectious-toxic encephalopathy, hypo- and anosmia and ageusia. Inducing of pathological autoimmune response contributes to the development of Miller Fischer and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

[Developmental disorders of academic skills in children: the efficacy and safety of Tenoten for children in the multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tenoten for children in the treatment of specific developmental disorders of academic skills in children of 1-3 grades.

Material And Methods: Two hundred and forty children, aged 7-9 years, (Total set, Safety population) with verified specific reading disorder (F81.0), specific spelling disorder (F81.

Next Generation Sequencing of 134 Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Regression.

Approximately 30% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience developmental regression, the etiology of which remains largely unknown. We performed a complete literature search and identified 47 genes that had been implicated in such cases. We sequenced these genes in a preselected cohort of 134 individuals with regressive autism.