Neuroprotective Effects of Peptides during Ischemic Preconditioning.

Experiments on rats showed that neurospecific protein preparations reduce the severity of neurological deficit, restore the structure of individual behavior of the animals with different hypoxia tolerance, and exert antioxidant action during chronic ischemic damage to the brain unfolding during the early and late phases of ischemic preconditioning.

Antioxidant Effect of Polyoxidonium and Metaprot during Bronchopulmonary Inflammation in Rats.

The antioxidant effects of individual or combined application of polyoxidonium and metaprot were examined in rats with acute bronchopulmonary inflammation. By degree of antioxidant potency, polyoxidonium was inferior to metaprot, but their combined application produced more potent antioxidant effect. Polyoxidonium and metaprot in low concentrations increased and in high concentrations suppressed spontaneous biochemiluminescence in the model system of alveolar macrophages.

[ANALGESIC EFFECT OF TROPALGIN ON THERMAL PAIN IN RATS WITH DIFFERENT PAIN THRESHOLDS].

Experiments on rats divided into two groups (with high and low pain sensitivity) were used to assess the effect of tropalgin, a new derivative of tropine, in thermal pain tests (tail-flick and hot plate). Tropalgin was found to possess an analgesic effect comparable to that of reference sodium metamizole. ED50 of tropalgin was 2 mg/kg for intraperitoneal administration.

[Analysis of tropalgin effects in an inflammation pain model in rats with different pain threshold].

Individual pain sensitivity of male Wistar rats was determined in a tail-flick model after action of focused thermal ray (flick) on tail. Rats with latency less than 5 sec were qualified as high sensitive (HS) to pain, more than 10 sec as low sensitive (LS) to pain. Effects of a new nonopioid analgetic tropalgin 2 mg/kg (ED50) i.

[Protective effects of metaprot and ethomerzol in carbophos intoxications].

The mechanisms of protective action of thiobenzimidazole derivatives metaprot and ethomerzol (25 and 50 mg/kg) have been studied on a model of carbophos intoxication (256.0 +/- 8.7 mg/kg) in rats.

Antihypoxic and antioxidant effects of exogenous succinic acid and aminothiol succinate-containing antihypoxants.

Pronounced antihypoxic and antioxidant effects of preventive injection of succinic acid, aminothiol antihypoxants gutimine and amtizol, and succinate-containing aminothiol antihypoxants gutimine succinate and amtizol succinate to Wistar rats with acute hypoxic hypoxia have been demonstrated. Exogenous succinic acid was inferior to aminothiol compounds by antihypoxic effect, but superior to them by its effect on the level of LPO products. Succinate in the aminothiol molecule modulated the intensity of their antihypoxic and antioxidant effects.

[Significance of pain sensitivity for the resistance to immobilization stress].

The effects of immobilization stress (immobilization on back within 4 h) on the functional indexes of Wistar male rats differing with pain sensitivity in the tail-flick test were studied. The acute immobilization stress in rats with high pain sensitivity compared with low pain sensitivity animals produced the most changes of the main functional systems. The high pain sensitivity rats demonstrated more significant hypotension, bradicardia, temperature shift, decrease of breath frequency and oxygen consumption, acid-alkaline equilibrium disorders with lactate acidosis signs.

[Hepatoprotective properties of cytochrome C in traumatic toxicosis].

Experiments on rats showed that traumatic toxicosis (crush syndrome) was accompanied by disorders of both excretion and detoxication functions of the liver and a decrease in the energy potential of the liver. Systemic administration of cytochrome C (10 mg/kg) immediately after trauma and decompression increased the level of endogenous cytochrome C, recovered the pool of adenine nucleotides, normalized bromsulfaleine excretion from the blood, and decreased the content of toxic metabolites in the blood. The obtained experimental data show that cytochrome C possesses high hepatoprotective properties with respect to the development of traumatic toxicosis.

[Cortexin and cortagen as correcting agents in functional and metabolic disorders in the brain in chronic ischemia].

The polypeptide drug cortexin and the synthetic peptide drug cortagen accelerate the recovery of disturbed individual behavior of ischemic rats with different resistance to hypoxia (high and low resistant rats). In addition, both drugs prevented an excessive activation of lipid peroxidation and a decrease in the antioxidant activity in the brain tissues. The obtained results suggest that cortexin and cortagen can be used for increasing the efficacy of neuroprotective therapy in cases of chronic brain ischemia.

[Molecular biological features of ectopic and eutopic endometrium in genital endometriosis].

The molecular biological features of the eutopic and ectopic endometrium were studied in 46 patients with adenomyosis, 44 with endometrioid cysts in the ovaries, and 34 with disseminated mixed forms of genital endometriosis. Reproductive-aged patients with the eutopic endometrium in a proliferation phase with hyperplastic or inflammatory changes were selected. Ten samples of the endometrium in a phase proliferation, which had been obtained at medicolegal autopsy of women without reproductive disorders, were studied as a control group.

Comparative efficiency of succinate-containing antihypoxants in traumatic toxicosis.

Experiments on Wistar rats showed the development of endotoxicosis 12 h after severe compression injury. Endotoxicosis manifested in disorders in bromosulfaleine excretion from the blood, increase of blood urea, uric acid, creatinine, and potassium levels and aminotransferase activities. Injection of succinate-containing antihypoxants (reamberine, cytoflavin, metaprot plus, succinamic acid 2-amino-4-acetylthiasolo[5,4-b]indole) directly after decompression promoted recovery of liver function, prevented the development of hyperfermentemia and renal failure as a result of reduced blood levels of potassium and non-protein nitrogen.

[The significance of individual sensitivity to hypoxia for the duration of severe compression trauma].

In the experiments on rats was shown that individual differences in sensitivity to hypoxia were significant for subsequences of long-term immobilization stress and severe compression trauma. In these conditions, low resistant rats were more sensitive to hypoxia compared with high resistant animals. The low resistant rats had got more significant changes of the main functional systems and acid-alkaline buffer state.

[Efficacy of cytoflavine in treating traumatic toxicosis].

Experiments on rats showed that traumatic toxicosis (crush syndrome) was accompanied with hypotension, bradycardia, reduction in temperature, breath frequency, and oxygen intake, and violation of acid-base buffer state with elevation of lactate acidosis in the blood serum that is typical of shock performance. Substrate combined antihypoxant cytoflavine (1.5 ml/kg) administered systemically to rats immediately after decompression, increased percentage of survived rats and recovered the main indexes of functional systems and acid-base buffer state 12 h after trauma, which provided general protection of rats against traumatic toxicosis.

Functional activity of the liver during severe compression injury.

Severe compression injury in rats was accompanied by metabolic acidosis, cytolytic syndrome, disturbances in liver excretory function and detoxification, and change in biotransformation processes.

[Effect of cytoflavine on bioenergetic processes in the liver after severe limb compression trauma].

The experiments on rats showed that severe compression trauma of limb muscles leads to a decrease in the energetic potential of the liver. Cytoflavine injected in rats with model traumas increased the content of ATP and cAMP and decreased the level of ADP and AMP, thus recovering the energetic potential of adenine nucleotides in the liver.

[Comparison of the antihypoxic and antioxidant properties of aminothiol and triazinoindole derivatives].

The antihypoxic activity of six aminothiol and triazinoindole derivatives was studied on a model of hypobaric (hypoxic) hypoxia in rats. With respect to the antihypoxic activity, the compounds can be arranged in the following order: amtizole succinate = amtizole approximately equal to gutimine > T-475 > gutimine > succinate succinate. One of the possible mechanisms of action for all antyhypoxants is the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and recovery of hypoxia-induced antioxidant defense system in the brain, kidneys, liver, myocardium, and muscles, which results in reduction of the contents of malonic dialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxides and an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of recovered glutathione.

Noopept reduces the postischemic functional and metabolic disorders in the brain of rats with different sensitivity to hypoxia.

Chronic cerebral ischemia was induced by ligation of both common carotid arteries in Wistar rats, divided by sensitivity to hypoxia into highly sensitive and low-sensitive. Noopept (peptide preparation), injected (0.5 mg/kg) during 7 days after occlusion of the carotid arteries, reduced the neurological disorders in rats with high and low sensitivity to hypoxia and improved their survival during the postischemic period.

Metabolic effects of Trekrezan during adaptation of rats to intermittent hypoxic hypoxia.

The animals were adapted to intermittent hypoxic hypoxia in a flow pressure chamber for 3 days. Each one-day training session consisted of 4 elevations to an altitude of 6000 m for 20 min (15 m/sec, 20-min intervals between assents). Trekrezan (25 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was injected immediately after the end of daily training over 3 days.

[Morphometry of hepatocyte mitochondrial apparatus in normal and cirrhotic rat liver].

Morphometric electron microscopy study of the hepatocyte mitochondrial apparatus and morphofunctional analysis of the degree of pathological alterations were carried out on the liver of rats with CCL4-cirrhosis (experimental group). Chronic poisoning of rats with CCL4 for 6 months led to a 4.2-fold increase in proportion of connective tissue and to a decrease in the number of hepatocytes in the liver by 21.

[Functional and metabolic changes of healthy volunteers after cold exposure and administration of meteoadaptogen trekrezan].

The effect of cold exposure (-10 degrees C, air speed--2.5 m/sec, 40 minutes) on physical activity, cognitive processes and metabolic status of 75 volunteers, healthy men of 20-24, was studied in termobarocomplex Tabaj (Japan). Cold exposure reduced physical and cognitive activity, the activity of kreatine phosphokinase, superoxide dismutase, the levels of redox glutation and pyruvate.

Efficiency of trekrezan in experimental bronchopneumonia in rats.

Trekrezan in a dose of 25 mg/kg normalized the lymphocyte immune status and produced an energy-stabilizing effect, which manifested in decreased levels of lactate, ADP, and AMP and increased content of pyruvate and ATP in blood lymphocytes and lung tissue of rats with experimental acute bronchopneumonia.

[Comparative study of the energy-stabilizing and immunotropic properties of trekrezan and polyoxidon on a bronchopulmonary inflammation model in rats].

The energy-stabilizing and immunotropic action of immunomodulants trekrezan (25 mg/kg) and polyoxidon (0.75 mg/kg) was compared in rats with a model bronchopulmonary inflammation induced by the introduction of turpentine into trachea. Both drugs exhibited an energy-stabilizing effect, which was manifested by a decrease in the levels of lactate and the ATP-ADP and AMP hydrolysis products and by an increase in the level of pyruvate and ATP in blood lymphocytes and lung tissues.

Recovery of adenine nucleotide pool in the brain after craniocerebral trauma in rats: comparison of biochemical data with mathematical model.

A mathematical model is developed, which predicts the maximum deviation of adenine nucleotide content from the normal and the period of its restoration in the brain of animals. This model diminishes labor expenditures and duration of experimental studies. Moreover, it significantly increases the accuracy and reliability of the data.

[Studying the hepatoprotector effect of bemithyl on a model of chronic toxic liver damage].

A prophylactic and therapeutic introduction of the synthetic adaptogen bemithyl (2-ethylthiobensimidasole hydrobromide) produces a hepatoprotector effect in rats with experimental cirrhosis. The drug exhibits an anticytolytic activity, restores liver participation in the pigment exchange, and normalizes the function of the microsomal oxidation system responsible for the metabolism of xenobiotics. The treatment with bemithyl also leads to a certain improvement of a histologic picture of the damaged liver and to a decrease in the degree of fibrosis.

[Efficacy of bemithyl and pyrazidol in patients with cerebroasthenia due to brain injury].

The article is dedicated to therapeutic efficacy of a combination of the antihypoxant bemithyl and the antidepressant pyrazidol in patients with asthenoneurotic and asthenovegetative syndromes after moderate isolated brain injury (BI). The combined therapy was shown to reduce long-term sequences of BI such as asthenic symptoms, stabilize both lipid peroxidation processes and serum antioxidative systems.