Metformin and Cognitive Performance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review.

Contradictory results for the association between metformin intake and changes in cognitive function have been reported. We attempted to overview systematic reviews and meta-analyses showing the role of metformin, as mono or combination therapy, in cognitive performance alterations among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to determine the quality of the evidence as well. To find the English-written reviews, a literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Trip, and Google Scholar by May 1, 2023.

Isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism identification based on international classification of diseases (ICD)-10 codes and imaging reports.

Background: Isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism (issPE) is a commonly encountered diagnosis. Although the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes are used for research, their validity for identifying issPE is unknown. Moreover, issPE diagnosis is challenging, and the findings from radiology reports may conflict with those from expert radiologists.

Misuse of the Term Retrospective Cohort. Comment on Alsayouf et al. Atomoxetine Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in 3-6-Year-Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Cohort Study. 2024, , 163.

Recently, an article entitled "Atomoxetine Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in 3-6-Year-Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Cohort Study" was published in the journal . In this letter, the methodology of the mentioned study is discussed.

Validating International Classification of Diseases Code 10th Revision algorithms for accurate identification of pulmonary embolism.

Background: Many research investigations for pulmonary embolism (PE) rely on the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes for analyses of electronic databases. The validity of ICD-10 codes in identifying PE remains uncertain.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to validate an algorithm to efficiently identify pulmonary embolism using ICD-10 codes.

Management of antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing dental procedures.

A growing number of patients receiving antithrombotic therapy require dental procedures. Dental interventions in these patients can be challenging, as the risk of bleeding from the continuation of antithrombotic therapy needs to be weighed against the thromboembolic risk associated with drug interruption or de-escalation. Most minor dental procedures, including simple dental cleaning and filling, pose minimal bleeding risk, and antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy can be continued without interruption.

Application of multi-criteria group decision-making for water quality management.

As waste discharge into numerous river systems escalates, the pollution of water bodies typically rises. Given the limited capacity of rivers to withstand pollution and their constrained self-cleaning capabilities, treated pollutants from waste discharge must be released into the river. Despite numerous models and algorithms proposed for managing river water quality to meet standards, literature, to our awareness, lacks the utilization of a comprehensive multi-criteria group decision-making approach for water quality management, particularly in river systems.

Time Series Modeling and Forecasting of Drug-Related Deaths in Iran (2014-2016).

Background: Investigating the temporal variations and forecasting the trends in drug-related deaths can help prevent health problems and develop intervention programs. The recent policy in Iran is strongly focused on deterring drug use and replacing illicit drugs with legal ones. This study aimed to investigate drug-related deaths in Iran in 2014-2016 and forecast the death toll by 2019.

The diagnostic dilemma in a patient with neuroleptic malignant syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: A significant increase in acute phase reactants.

Key Clinical Message: In some patients, neuroleptic malignant syndrome is accompanied significant high levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP).

Abstract: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an idiosyncratic life-threatening adverse reaction and usually triggered in response to antipsychotic drugs. In addition, leukocytosis and increased muscle enzymes levels (especially creatine phosphokinase) are observed in NMS.

Uncovering Negative Interpretation Bias in Remitted/Recovered Depression with Laboratory Task.

Research has demonstrated that individuals with a history of depression engage in complicated strategies (e.g., thought suppression) that may mask the possible existence of major depression.

Frequency of delirium and its associated factors among COVID-19 inpatients in Iran.

Background And Aim: Delirium has been presented as the leading cause of sudden change in the mental state of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given that the delayed diagnosis of such a dysfunction is often associated with excess mortality, it seems essential to devote vastly more attention to this significant clinical characteristic.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 309 patients [viz.

Efficacy and safety of adding fluoxetine to the treatment regimen of hospitalized patients with non-critical COVID-19 pneumonia: A double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered the drugs, whose effectiveness in viral pandemics has been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate of adding fluoxetine to the treatment regimen of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods: This study was a double-blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial .

Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Iranian Children's Growth and Development: A Descriptive-analytical Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by married Iranian women and their impact on the growth and development of their children.

Methods: For this descriptive-analytical study, we recruited the mothers of one-year-old children attending primary health centers in Gonbad-e-Kavoos city, Iran. The data was collected using a questionnaire comprising the World Health Organization Domestic Violence, Ages and Stages Questionnaire-12; and queries related to the participants' socio-economic, obstetrics, demographic, and anthropometric characteristics.

Comparison of the effects of Benson relaxation technique and nature sounds on pain, anxiety, and body image in burn-injured patients admitted to the burn ICU: A single-blind randomized clinical trial.

Background: Burn patients feel a lot of physiological and mental stress during treatment and rehabilitation which often cause anxiety and body image dissatisfaction. This study aimed to compare the effects of the Benson relaxation technique and nature sounds on pain anxiety and body image in burn-injured patients admitted to a burn intensive care unit (BICU).

Methods: This single-blind randomized clinical trial studied 60 burn patients allocated into three groups (Benson relaxation, nature sounds, and control) from September 2021 to February 2022.

Drug-related Death low Registration in Iran: A Mixed Method Approach for Causes, Recommendations to Solve This Problem and Geographical Evaluation of an Intervention.

Background: The death registration is conducted by different systems in Iran. The drug-related death registration is exclusively conducted by Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) and Legal Medicine Organization (LMO). This study investigates the causes of undercounting drug-related deaths (DRDs) in Iran, provides recommendations for addressing this issue, and provides a geographical evaluation of the integrity and quality of drug-related mortality registration (2014-2017).

Clinical Validation of a Smartphone-based Handheld ECG Device: A Validation Study.

Background: Remote cardiac monitoring and screening have already become an integral telemedicine component. The wide usage of several different wireless electrocardiography (ECG) devices warrants a validation study on their accuracy and reliability.

Methods: Totally, 300 inpatients with the Nabz Hooshmand-1 handheld ECG device and the GE MAC 1200 ECG system (as the reference) were studied to check the accuracy of the devices in 1 and 6-limb lead performance.

Spatial distribution and temporal trend of drug-related deaths in the Islamic Republic of Iran during 2014-2017.

Background: Research suggests that there is an increasing trend in drug-related deaths worldwide: an estimated 69 000 individuals lose their lives due to substance abuse annually.

Aims: To determine the geographical pathology of drug-related deaths in the Islamic Republic of Iran and to evaluate incidence trends, with a focus on identifying high- and low-risk regions.

Methods: For this ecological study, we collected data from the 2 main sources (the Legal Medicine Organization and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education) responsible for registering substance-related deaths during 2014-2017.

Developing sustainable land-use patterns at watershed scale using nexus of soil, water, energy, and food.

Aside from the many services that soil provides, it also stores water and makes it available to crops, which is critical for food security. However, the necessity of further studies for overcoming the existing gap in relation to the role of soil in the water, energy, and food nexus system has been preoccupying the experts and specialists around the world for some time. In this sense, the balance between many key ecosystem components based on the Soil, water, energy, and food (SWEF) nexus framework is one of the key characteristics of holistic and accommodative watershed management systems.

Major Depressive Disorder in Iran: Epidemiology, Health Care Provision, Utilization, and Challenges.

One in eight adults in Iran is estimated to have major depressive disorder (MDD) - a leading cause of disability in the country. Many remain undiagnosed, and some receive only partial treatment. An estimated 60% of those with MDD were reported to have received no treatment during the past year.

Years of Life Lost (YLLs) due to drug-related deaths in the Islamic Republic Of Iran (2014-2017): a temporal and geographic pattern.

The present study aimed to measure the mortality burden caused by premature death due to substance abuse in different geographical regions of Iran from 2014-17. In this serial cross-sectional study, the data related to individuals who had died of drug abuse were first collected from two sources (Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization). Then, using the capture-recapture method, the number of drug-related deaths was estimated.

Immune recall improves antibody durability and breadth to SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Key features of immune memory are greater and faster antigen-specific antibody responses to repeat infection. In the setting of immune-evading viral evolution, it is important to understand how far antibody memory recognition stretches across viral variants when memory cells are recalled to action by repeat invasions. It is also important to understand how immune recall influences longevity of secreted antibody responses.

Fluphenazine decanoate-induced bradycardia: A case report.

Sinus tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension have been so far reported among the negative cardiovascular complications of antipsychotic agents. This study aimed to report a case with bradycardia induced by fluphenazine decanoate administration. The patient was a 29-year-old man, admitted to the general teaching hospital in Sari, Iran, with a complaint of abdominal and gastric pain as well as weight loss following 7 months of fasting based on religious delusions.

Multisectoral actions of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mazandaran province of Iran.

Aim: A widespread outbreak of COVID-19 is followed by adverse effects on the mental health of the general population. Therefore, this study is an audit to investigate the activities of various organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mazandaran Province, Iran.

Methods: The aim of the study was to collect the data, the relevant officials in various organizations and units were contacted to collect the statistics of actions taken in psychology and psychiatry wards.

Ghrelin and ghrelin/total cholesterol ratio as independent predictors for coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The present meta-analysis aimed to summarize the available data regarding the circulating levels of ghrelin in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). A comprehensive search was performed in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to January 20, 2021. Since the circulating levels of ghrelin were measured in different units across the included studies, they were expressed as the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI (summary effect size).