Equine bone marrow MSC-derived extracellular vesicles mitigate the inflammatory effects of interleukin-1β on navicular tissues in vitro.

Background: Safe, efficacious therapy for treating degenerate deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and navicular bone fibrocartilage (NBF) in navicular horses is critically necessary. While archetypal orthobiologic therapies for navicular disease are used empirically, their safety and efficacy are unknown. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) may overcome several limitations of current orthobiologic therapies.

Interleukin-6 upregulates extracellular matrix gene expression and transforming growth factor β1 activity of tendon progenitor cells.

Background: Prolonged inflammation during tendon healing and poor intrinsic healing capacity of tendon are causal factors associated with tendon structural and functional degeneration. Tendon cells, consisting of mature tenocytes and tendon progenitor cells (TPC) function to maintain tendon structure via extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. Tendon cells can succumb to tissue cytokine/chemokine alterations during healing and consequently contribute to tendon degeneration.

Interleukin-1β and methylprednisolone acetate demonstrate differential effects on equine deep digital flexor tendon and navicular bone fibrocartilage cells in vitro.

Objective: To investigate the effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) on equine intrabursal deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and navicular bone fibrocartilage (NBF) cells in vitro.

Sample: Third passage DDFT and NBF cells from 5 healthy donor horses ages 11-17 years euthanized for reasons unrelated to musculoskeletal conditions.

Procedures: Aggregate cultures were incubated with culture medium alone (control), 10 ng/mL IL-1β, 10 ng/mL IL-1β + 0.

Autologous platelet-rich plasma effects on Staphylococcus aureus-induced chondrocyte death in an in vitro bovine septic arthritis model.

Objective: To investigate the chondroprotective effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), ampicillin-sulbactam (AmpS), or PRP combined with AmpS (PRP+AmpS) in an in vitro chondrocyte explant model of bovine Staphylococcus aureus-induced septic arthritis.

Sample: Autologous PRP and cartilage explants obtained from 6 healthy, adult, nonlactating Jersey-crossbred cows.

Procedures: Autologous PRP was prepared prior to euthanasia using an optimized double centrifugation protocol.