Phytoestrogens by inhibiting the non-classical oestrogen receptor, overcome the adverse effect of bisphenol A on hFOB 1.19 cells.

Objectives: Since bisphenol A (BPA) induces bone loss and phytoestrogens enhance the osteoblastogenesis by binding to the non-classical and classical oestrogen receptors, respectively, the present study was aimed to observe the osteoprotective effect of phytoestrogens on BPA-induced osteoblasts in hFOB 1.19 cells.

Materials And Methods: All groups of hFOB 1.

Does Vitamin K Intake Influence High Phosphate Induced Vascular Pseudo-ossification: An Underappreciated Therapeutic Prospect in General Population?

Increasing interest in vascular pseudo-ossification has alarmed the modern atherosclerotic society. High phosphate is one of the key factors in vascular pseudo ossification, also known as vascular calcification. The active process of deposition of the phosphate crystals in vascular tissues results in arterial stiffness.

Employing different types of phytoestrogens improve bone mineralization in bisphenol A stimulated osteoblast.

Aims: Phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens act as agonists/antagonists in bone formation and differentiation. Strong bones are depending of the ability of osteoblasts to form new tissue and to mineralize the newly formed tissue. Dysfunctional or loss of mineralization leads to weak bone and increased fracture risk.

Combating oxidative stress disorders with citrus flavonoid: Naringenin.

The incidence of diseases related to oxidative stress disorders have been increased dramatically. Alternatives medicine or the active compound extracted from the natural products received great attention among researches at the present era. Naringenin (NG), a common dietary flavanone, found in the citrus fruits such as oranges, bergamots, lemons and grapefruit.

Bisphenol A exposure disturbs the bone metabolism: An evolving interest towards an old culprit.

Bisphenol A (BPA) (2,2,-bis (hydroxyphenyl) propane), a well-known endocrine disruptor (ED), is the exogenous chemical that mimic the natural endogenous hormone like oestrogen. Due to its extensive exposure to humans, BPA is considered to be a major toxicological agent for general population. Environmental exposure of BPA results in adverse health outcomes including bone loss.

Emerging Trends On Drug Delivery Strategy of Momordica charantia against Diabetes and its Complications.

Background: The incidence of diabetes mellitus has increased drastically over the past few decades. This oxidant-antioxidant imbalance resulting in complication of diabetes mellitus includes macro- and microvascular complications. Resistance to conventional treatment and patient compliance has paved the way to the usage of effective natural products and supplements.

Zika virus infection and its emerging trends in Southeast Asia.

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that represents a public health emergency at the ongoing epidemic. Previously, this rare virus was limited to sporadic cases in Africa and Asia until its emergence in Brazil, South America in 2015, where it rapidly spread throughout the world. Recently, a high number of cases were reported in Singapore and other Southeast Asia countries.

Is Metformin a Therapeutic Paradigm for Colorectal Cancer: Insight into the Molecular Pathway?

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the major leading causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality. Apart from the conventional anti-neoplastic agents, metformin, a biguanide anti-diabetic agent, has recently found to have anti-cancer property. Several studies observed the effect of metformin towards its anti-cancer effect on colon or colorectal cancer in diabetic patients.

Piper betel leaves induces wound healing activity via proliferation of fibroblasts and reducing 11β hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase-1 expression in diabetic rat.

Background: Increased oxidative stress and stress enzyme 11β hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase-1 (11β HSD-1) served as the major contributing factors for delayed wound healing in diabetes mellitus (DM). Piper betel (PB) leaves are reported to possess anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties.

Objective: The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of topical application of PB leaves extract on oxidative stress and 11β hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase-1 (11β HSD-1) expression in diabetic wounds.

The Molecular Concept of Atheromatous Plaques.

Background: Recently, there are scientific attempts to discover new drugs in the biotechnology industry in order to treat various diseases including atherosclerosis.

Objective: The main objective of the present review was to highlight the cellular, molecular biology and inflammatory process related to the atheromatous plaques.

Methods: A thorough literature search of Pubmed, Google and Scopus databases was done.

The underlying mechanism of action for various medicinal properties of Piper betle (betel).

Piper betle (betel) plant belongs to the Piperaceae family. Piper. betle is widely known for its potent medicinal properties.

Effect of Momordica charantia fruit extract on vascular complication in type 1 diabetic rats.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the risk factors in the development of vascular complications. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and increased lipid peroxidation in diabetes mellitus are the dominant exaggerating factors. Mormodica charantia (MC) was proven to be useful in improving diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Fructose-Drinking Water Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Ultrastructural Alteration of Hepatocyte Mitochondria in Male Wistar Rat.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the complications of the metabolic syndrome. It encompasses a wide range of disease spectrum from simple steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Structural alteration of hepatic mitochondria might be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Protective effect of Momordica charantia fruit extract on hyperglycaemia-induced cardiac fibrosis.

In diabetes mellitus, cardiac fibrosis is characterized by increase in the deposition of collagen fibers. The present study aimed to observe the effect of Momordica charantia (MC) fruit extract on hyperglycaemia-induced cardiac fibrosis. Diabetes was induced in the male Sprague-Dawley rats with a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ).

The establishment of metabolic syndrome model by induction of fructose drinking water in male Wistar rats.

Background: Metabolic syndrome can be caused by modification of diet by means of consumption of high carbohydrate and high fat diet such as fructose.

Aims: To develop a metabolic syndrome rat model by induction of fructose drinking water (FDW) in male Wistar rats.

Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were fed with FDW 20% and FDW 25% for a duration of eight weeks.

Role of exercise in the management of diabetes mellitus: the global scenario.

Background: Exercise training programs have emerged as a useful therapeutic regimen for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Majority of the Western studies highlighted the effective role of exercise in T2DM. Therefore, the main aim was to focus on the extent, type of exercise and its clinical significance in T2DM in order to educate the clinicians from developing countries, especially in Asians.

Effect of Piper sarmentosum Extract on the Cardiovascular System of Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Rats: Electron Microscopic Study.

Although Piper sarmentosum (PS) is known to possess the antidiabetic properties, its efficacy towards diabetic cardiovascular tissues is still obscured. The present study aimed to observe the electron microscopic changes on the cardiac tissue and proximal aorta of experimental rats treated with PS extract. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: untreated control group (C), PS-treated control group (CTx), untreated diabetic group (D), and PS-treated diabetic group (DTx).

Histological changes in the heart and the proximal aorta in experimental diabetic rats fed with Piper sarmentsoum.

Cardiovascular complications are one of the major causes of death in diabetes mellitus. Piper sarmentosum (P.s) is an herb that possesses antihyperglycaemic effects.