On the triple exclusion of older adults during COVID-19: Technology, digital literacy and social isolation.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the relationship between older adults and digital technology became complicated. Prior to the pandemic, some older adults may have faced a double exclusion due to a lack of digital literacy and social interaction, and the pandemic-imposed transition to nearly all aspects of life being online magnified the requirement for people to be increasingly digitally literate. This paper presents an exploratory analysis to understand how the increased online nature of the world during the pandemic may have impacted older adults' relationship with digital technology by expanding on a prior study of older adults who, pre-pandemic, self-identified as occasional or non-users of digital technology.

Correction of severe medial ectropion using a novel osseous fixation technique.

Purpose: To study the feasibility of osseous medial canthal fixation for severe medial ectropion.

Methods: Retrospective analysis over a period of 3 years identified 10 patients who had undergone the modified medial canthoplasty. Outcome measures were based on the presence of complications and cosmetic/functional results.

The standardized patient encounter: a dynamic educational approach to enhance students' clinical healthcare skills.

Occupational therapy educators are challenged to prepare students entering the profession to be skilled in assessment, critical thinking, self-analysis, and decision-making. Simulation is an effective strategy used in medical and nursing curriculums to develop or enhance critical thinking, self-analysis, and decision-making skills. Through simulated learning activities, such as encounters with standardized patients (SP), students develop skills in decision-making, clinical reasoning, and interpersonal communication, skills necessary to function effectively in the current health care environment.

Area under the maximum expiratory flow-volume curve--a sensitive parameter in the evaluation of airway patency.

Background: The most frequently used parameters for assessing bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation are forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and peak expiratory flow (PEF).

Objectives: To assess the sensitivity of other parameters after induced bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation.

Methods: From maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves, forced vital capacity, FEV(1), PEF, maximum expiratory flows (MEF) at 25, 50 and 75% of vital capacity and the area under the MEFV curve (A(ex)) were measured in two groups of asthmatic children after induced bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation, and in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) after bronchodilation.

Forced expiratory parameters in healthy preschool children (3-6 years of age).

In a group of 173 healthy preschool children 3-6 years of age (body height, 90-130 cm; 102 boys and 71 girls) out of total 279 children examined, maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves were recorded in cross-sectional measurements. The majority (62%) of preschool children were able to generate an MEFV curve as correctly as older children. From the curves, maximum expiratory flows at 25%, 50%, and 75 % of vital capacity (MEF(25), MEF(50), and MEF(75)), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC), and area delineated by MEFV curve (A(ex)) were obtained.

Nasal airflow and resistance measured by active anterior rhinomanometry in healthy children and adolescents.

Rhinomanometry allows objective assessment of nasal patency in pediatric patients with nasal and other respiratory problems. However, no reliable reference values are available in the pediatric age group. We measured nasal inspiratory airflow and nasal inspiratory resistance of the right and left nostrils (V'nar, V'nal, Rnar, and Rnal) and total nasal inspiratory flow and resistance (V'na and Rna) at a transnasal pressure of 150 Pa during quiet breathing in healthy children with a closed mouth by using active anterior rhinomanometry.

[Cystic fibrosis--a disease of adolescents and adults?].

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is no longer a childhood disease. Since the identification of the gene in 1989 research has made advances and changed views on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. The objective of the present work is to make doctors treating adult patients familiar with modern therapeutic methods and their value.

Pulmonary function in children with atrial septal defect before and after heart surgery.

Objective: To test the effect of heart disease and heart surgery on lung function.

Design: A pulmonary function study of children undergoing surgery for atrial septal defect (ASD).

Settings: University hospital.

Airway function tests and vocal cord paralysis in lung transplant recipients.

Maximum expiratory and inspiratory flow-volume (MEFV, MIFV) curves, specific airway conductance (sGaw), and flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy were examined in 8 pediatric lung transplant recipients with vocal cord paralysis (VCP). Six were heart-lung (H-L) and 2 double-lung (D-L) recipients, 7 had left VCP, and 1 had right VCP. Based on the pulmonary function tests (PFT), 2 subgroups could be distinguished in the 8 recipients with VCP.

Lung function in VSD patients after corrective heart surgery.

Static lung volumes, lung elasticity, and airway patency indices were measured in 47 children operated on for ventricular septal defect (VSD). Open-heart surgery was performed at the age of 0.6-12.

[Surgical treatment of pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum].

The authors present their experience with surgery of deformities of the chest wall in childhood. In the course of 1986 to 1992 they operated 93 children with the diagnosis of pectus excavatum. This number comprised 66 boys and 27 girls.

Lung function in children and adolescents with tetralogy of Fallot after intracardiac repair.

We studied lung function in 41 patients, aged 6-27 years, 1-5 years after intracardiac surgical repair (ICR) of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and about 5 years after the establishment of the Pediatric Cardiac Center in Prague. The measurements included vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), forced expiratory flows (FEF), specific airway conductance (SGaw), lung recoil pressure (Pst), and specific static lung compliance (SC1st). Single or multiple abnormal lung function parameters were found in 83% of patients.

[Bronchomotor tests in childhood].

The authors present a review of bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation tests which can be used in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases in children. Basic procedures and principles of evaluation are given.

Lung recoil and the determination of airflow limitation in cystic fibrosis and asthma.

A reduction of lung recoil pressure could aggravate any airflow limitation that might be present in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) or asthma. In a group of 22 children and young adults (8 with cystic fibrosis, 8 with asymptomatic asthma, and 6 healthy controls) aged 8-24 years, lung recoil pressure (Pst) at 100%, 90%, and 60% of TLC and static lung compliance (Cst) were measured using an esophageal balloon. The indices of airflow limitation, including maximal expiratory flow at 25% VC (Vmax25), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and specific airway conductance (sGaw), were also measured.

Lung function in atrial septal defect after heart surgery.

Lung volume, indices of lung elasticity and airway patency were measured in 74 patients, 9-21 yr old (15.0 +/- 2.5 yr) with atrial septal defect (secundum type) from 2-11 (5.

[The effect of a high-altitude climate on the function of the respiratory system in children with asthma].

In 108 asthmatic children (age 6-15 years) an effect of the 6-8 weeks stay in the High Tatra mountains (Children's Lung Institute, Dolný Smokovec) on lung function was studied in the years of 1985-1988. The patients consisted of groups followed-up in different periods of the latter years. Indications for the stay was airway obstruction (a.

[Prevention of post-exertion airway obstruction in children and adolescents with bronchial asthma].

In 86 asthmatics (age 8-16 years), divided into several groups, the protective effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological agents on the exercise-induced airway obstruction (e.i.a.

[Exercise-induced airway obstruction in asthmatic children and adolescents].

In 115 asymptomatic asthmatic children and adolescents (age 6-18 years) there was studied the magnitude of airway obstruction, induced by various physical efforts and assessed from the recording of maximum expiratory flow-volume curves and in some patients by "specific" airway conductance measurement in a body plethysmograph. The effects of 5 minutes free running outdoors, 5 minutes of exercise on a bicycle ergometer (2 watts/kg of body weight), routine swimming training in swimming pool and of forced expiration maneuver on the magnitude of airway obstruction were assessed. The most frequent and largest degree of airway obstruction was observed after 5 min.

[Bronchial hyperreactivity in pediatric and adolescent asthmatics and healthy children].

The investigation of bronchial hyperreactivity (b.h.) represents the basic diagnostic test in asthmatics.

[Evaluation of free walking as a provocation method for detection of nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity in children].

The bronchial hyperreactivity alone does not stand for illness but it is typical of asthma. Nonspecific tests are on a low level of standardization and the results of various research groups are difficult to compare. We used the free running provocation test compared with the inhalation test of acetylcholine in a routine lung function laboratory.